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Oedma
Definition
Terms used to describe oedema
Oedema is of two types
Mechanism of oedema formation Two forces called “STARLING’S FORCES “
Physiology of fluid balance
CAUSES OF OEDEMA
Decreased plasma osmotic pressure - Hypoproteinemia (Albuminemia)
Hydrostatic pressure at arterial end is 45mm Hg and osmotic pressure at arterial end is 20mm Hg. So, the rate of fluid flow into tissues is 25mm Hg. Osmotic pressure at venous end is 20mm Hg and hydrostatic pressure is 15mm Hg. Thereby, the rate of fluid flow in to vein is 5mm Hg. Because of the pressure diffeences ( Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure) at the arterial and venous end, the rate of fluid accumulation in tissues is 20mm Hg Decreased plasma osmotic pressure mostly results in generalised and severe oedema
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure at arterial end is 45mm Hg, whereas osmotic pressure is 30mm Hg. So the rate of fluid flow into tissues is 15mm Hg. At the venous end, osmotic pressure is 30mm Hg and hydrostatic pressure is 25mm Hg. The rate of fluid flow into vein is 10mm Hg. So the rate of fluid accumulating in tissues is 5mm Hg.
Increased permeability of capillary endothelium
Lymphatic obstruction Causes
In lymphatic obstruction, fluid and protein in intercellular space will not be drained leading to oedema (LYMPHOEDEMA) Sodium retention Causes
Due to failure of excretion sodium in urine, water will be retained leading to generalized oedema Differences between transudate and exudate
Macroscopical appearance
Microscopical appearance
Significance and result
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