Gross pathological lesions of the various organs of the oral cavity and prehension

GROSS PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS
  • Jaundice – Yellow color – Obstructive and hemolytic jaundice
  • Cyanosis – Bluish violet – Malfunciton of heart – Venous stasis
  • - severe respiratory diseases, Poisoning
  • Pale – Anemia or shock
  • Hyperemia (Reddish) – focal or general inflammation
  • Focal hemorrhages – Disease of inflammatory and allergic origin
  • Bonemarrow damage
  • Poisoning: furazolidone, mycotoxicosis, snake bite.
  • Stomatitis inflammation of the oral mucosa
  • Glossitis – inflammation of the tongue
  • Gingivitis – inflammation of the gum
  • Palatitis – inflammation of the palate
  • Ulceration in the tongue (may spread to lips, cheeks) – Actinobacillosis
  • Ulceration in gum – Actinomycosis
  • Stomatitis of viral origin – vesicular, ulcerative or proliferative eg. Foot and Mouth diseases (initially vesicular later on ulcerative)

Erosion and ulceration of the mucosa

  • Malignant catarrhal fever, Bovine viral diarrhea,
  • Ulcerative stomatitis, Contagious pustular dermatitis, Sheep pox and ulcerative dermatitis.
  • Proliferative lesions – Papular stomatitis, Proliferative stomatittis
  • Physical agents – thorns, spines

Tongue

  • White covering of viscous mucoid material which may be scraped off on the dorsal surface of the tongue particularly on the posterior part, when consumption of food has ceased – this ‘fur’ is formed as a result of diminished or complete off feed, febrile and alimentary tract diseases.

Mouth odour

  • Normally sweetish and stale
  • Abnormal – foul odor – originate from mouth – tooth cavity infection,
  • necrosis of mucous membrane.
  • Pharynx or Oesophagus – purulent infection and necrosis
  • Fore stomach - Decomposing contents
  • Lungs - Gangrene
  • Aromatic smell - ketosis
  • Ammoniacal/uremic odor - Clinical renal insufficiency

Dog

  • Necrosis and ulceration - Bacterial stomatitis
  • Buccal papillomatosis (wart like) - due to viral (sites – Lips, cheek, tongue,
  • pharynx)
  • Vesicular, erosive or ulcerative lesion: Caused by virus tend to be modified by secondary bacterial invasion and becomes suppurative & ulcerative (Leptospirosis, ICH, Diffuse patch area covered by a whitish film – Mycotic stomatitis
  • Toxemia and uremia – copper red colour
  • Retention cyst (ranula) – Blockage of salivary gland duct.

Cat

  • Ulcerative glossitis – tip of the tongue e.g. Panelucopenia
  • Dorsal surface towards the pharynx – Feline calcivirus infection and
  • Felilne rhinotracheitis

Horse

  • Gingival lesions, periodontal disease
  • Bleeding gums, looseness of teeth
  • Vesicular stomatitis – Pox virus
  • Equine contagious pustular stomatitis – Lesions in the cheeks, lips, tongue base
  • Hyperplastic gingivitis – starts from the deposits of tartar
  • Mechanical and traumatic insults – due to foreign body, pressure from incorrect bite

Clinical signs

  • Slow mastication, increased salivation, difficulty in prehension
  • Abnormalities of Prehension, Chewing and Swallowing:
  • Neoplasm of the oral cavity
  • Tongue injuries – abnormal tooth shape and position, bites, foreign body, chemicals
  • Tongue base cyst
  • Tongue paralysis – Rabies, Contagious equine pleuropneumonia, Meningitis and
  • Neoplasia of the medulla oblongata
  • Hyoid bone fracture – fracture of the mandible and hyoid bone
  • Cleft palate
Last modified: Wednesday, 3 November 2010, 11:28 AM