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SUBMISSION OF SPECIMENT IN SUSPECTED CASES OF POISONING
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Suspected poison
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Material required in order of importance
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Antimony
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Liver, thyroid, kidney, urine, milk, stomach and gut content
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Arsenic (acute)
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Liver, kidneys, stomach and gut contents, urine, feed
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Arsenic (chronic)
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Hair, liver, urine, spleen, altered organs
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Alkaloids
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Liver, urine, brain, stomach and gut contents
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Ammonia
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Whole blood or serum, urine, rumen contents
* Send frozen samples.
* In rumen contents, may add 1-2 drops of saturated HgCl3
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Barbiturates
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Blood, brain, liver, adipose tissue
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Cadmium
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Kidney, liver, hair
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Copper
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Liver, blood, kidney, faeces, urine
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Cyanide (HCN)
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Stomach and gut contents, liver, muscles, oxalated blood, brain, suspected feed.
* Should be rushed to laboratory in frozen airtight container.
* Liver HCN decreases rapidly, so many times muscle analysis gives good results
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Fluorides
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Altered parts of bone, teeth, urine, stomach contents, liver, kidney, feed and / or drinking water.
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Insecticides (chlorinated)
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Fat, liver, stomach contents, brain
* Use only glass containers
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Insecticides (organophosphorus)
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Oxalated blood, whole blood, liver, stomach and gut contents
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Lead (acute)
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Kidneys, liver, urine, whole blood
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Lead (chronic)
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Hair, liver, kidneys, bone, faeces, urine
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Mercury
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Liver, kidneys, intestinal contents, stomach contents, muscle, brain, faeces
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Molybdenum
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Feed, liver, kidneys, altered organs (bone), hair
* The feed is examined/analysed for its Mo:Cu contents. Liver contains low amount of coopper
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Nitrate and Nitrite
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Stomach and gut contents, whole blood, urine, suspected feed
* Should be dispatched soon as both nitrate and nitrite alter rapidly and escape detection
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Oxalates
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Fresh forage, kidneys
(Do not macerate; freeze, fixed in formalin).
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Phenol and cresol
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Liver, kidneys, stomach and gut contents
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Phosphide
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Stomach and gut contents, suspected material (grain, flour etc.)
(Dispatch as soon as possible as phosphide breaks down rapidly and hydrogen phosphide produced may escape)
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Phosphorus
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Stomach and gut contents, liver, oxalated blood, altered organs (lungs), vomitus, faeces
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Rodenticides
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Stomach contents, liver, urine
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Selenium
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Suspected feed, altered organs, whole blood, liver, hair
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Sodium chloride
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Oxalated and whole blood, brain
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Sodium fluoroacetate
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Stomach contents, liver
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Strychnine
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Stomach, gut contents, urine, liver, kidney and brain
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Urea
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Feed, stomach contents (See ammonia)
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Warfarin
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Whole blood, liver, feed.
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Zinc
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Liver, kidney, pancreas, faeces, bone (humerus)
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Zinc phosphide
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Liver, gastric contents, feed (See phospide)
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