Method of manure Disposal to prevent Fly Breeding

METHOD OF MANURE DISPOSAL

Incineration and burial

  • Manure is a valuable land fertilizer and wherever possible should not be burnt or deathy buried. When however it is neither practicable nor desirable to conserve it as a fertilizer incineration is the best method of disposing of it.
  • Regarding burial it should be buried deeply since simple burial of the material in sand or ordinary soil will not prevent the development of house flies which have considerable powers of borrowing upwards both as mature maggots and as newly hatched flies to gain the soil surface.
  • Furthemore the simple burial or ploughing under of manure cannot be guaranteed to dispose of nematode eggs and larvae. The larvae of equine strongyles can migrate upwards for varying distances according to the nature of the soil and moreover can live for many month under favourable conditions of temperature and moisture in the soil.
  • Similarily cattle are sheep roundworm larvae such as Ostertagia, Haemonchus and Nematodirus can all regain the soil surface after being ploughed under, in fact ploughing in may help development of the nematodes by breaking up the soil and faeces.

 Uses of chemical agents

  • The application of chemicals and oily fluid to manure in order to deter flies from oviposting and for killing fly larvae, worm eggs and larvae and other pathogenic organisms has been suggested. The general use of these substances for the purpose of combating the fly nuisance is however of doubtful value because,
    • Most chemical when applied in large quantities to manure regard fermentation and so prolong the period of fly infestation.
    • Most chemicals if they are to be effective require to be used in large quantities so that this form of treatment is expensive are deleterious to the manure rendering it totally unfit for agricultural uses.
    • Before they can be effective as larvicides most chemicals require to be intimately mixed with the manure a coating procedure requiring considerable labour and careful supervision .
    • Some of the substance which have been suggested may have poisonous effects should be the treated manure be allowed to come in contact with plants or animals.
  • These are however certain substances relatively free from the objection enumerated above which have been should to be effective in preventing the housefly from breeding in manure heaps are of these is powdered hellebore which has no ill effect upon the manure or a crops to which the manure is later applied. To prepare for use one half pound of the powder should be mixed in 10 gallons of water and left to stand for 24 hrs. This amount applied with a spray or watering can to the manure as soon as it is removed from the stable is sufficient to treat 10 cubic feet of manure, during application the manure must be turned over so as to bring the liquid into contact with every part of the mass. Another satisfactory agent is powdered borax this may be applied dry at the rate of 1 lb of borax to each 16 cubic feet of manure which must then be watered care being taken not the add more water than the manure will sock up. A solution of 1 lb borax in 6 gallons of water may also be used . A degree of caution is necessary in adding borax to manure which is later to be used for agricultural purposes because in large quantities their chemical may have bad effects upon crops. A third chemical that has been recommended is sodium fluosilicate applies as a solution of 1 lb in 15 gallons of water until the manure is thoroughly soaked.
  • Benzene hexachloride and DDT can be sprayed on manure heaps and other fly breeding places. The larvae, young and emerging flies and also adult flies are get killed. Approximately 200 mg DDT per square feet of manure and surface will give adequate control during fly season if spraying carried out at 2-6 weekly intervals. Urine particularily horse urine is lethal to strongyles larvae, as a rule the addition of 30-40 per cent by weight of urine to fresh faeces will kill the free living stages of equire strongyles. Some fertilizers are also lethal to eggs and larvae urea at 0.75 per cent by weight to fresh faeces will kill struggles.

 Manipulation of manure

  • It is biological method which involves manipulation of the accumulated manure heap itself in such a way as to kill the preliminary stages of both flies and worms without the addition of any special larvicidal substances. This method its relatively less costly and is preferable. There are three main procedures by which eggs and larvae in animal manure may be destroyed through biological effects these procedures may for conveniences be called

Last modified: Thursday, 21 July 2011, 8:34 AM