| Group
|
Individual Agents
|
Mode of Action
|
Concentration
|
Contact Time (Min)
|
Pathogens Susceptible
|
|
1. Acids
|
Citric aci, Formic acid, Propionic acid, HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, Peracetic acid
|
Alters the pH of microbial environment
Oxidising agent
|
HCl - 2.5%
0.2%
|
|
Many bacteria and fungi
anthrax spores in hides.
|
|
2. Alkali
|
Sodium hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide Na2CO3 and Trisodium phosphate
|
|
5%
20%
4%
|
|
Anthrax spores, pseudorabies virus wide spectrum FMD virus
|
|
3. Alcohol
|
Ethanol
Isopropanol
|
Denatures proteins and dissolve lipids Dehydrating agent
|
70%
90%
|
10(lipids virus)
10
|
Vegetative bacteria cells and fungi. Protozoa and some viruses
|
|
4. Chlorine
|
Chlorine gas, Na and Ca hypochlorit, chlorine dioxide, Chloramine T, Dichloramine T
|
Halogenatio of tyrosine in proteins
|
250-1000 ppm
|
10 (lipo virus)
30(bacteria)
|
All vegetative cells Na hypochlorite is effective against porcin parvovirus Broad spectrum
|
|
5. Iodine
Compounds
|
Lugol's lodine, tincture of Iodine, lodophores (Povidone Iodine)
|
Halogenation of tyrosine in proteins
|
0.5-2%
|
10 (lipo virus)
30(bacteria)
|
Broad spectrum of activity
|
|
6. Peroxygen
|
Hydrogen peroxide
|
oxidizing agent
|
3-6%
|
|
All vegetatives cells are killed
|
|
7. Phenols
|
-
Phenol, cresol, biphenyl, hexachlorophene,
-
Biguanides(chlorhexidine)
|
Coagulates proteins and disrupts cell membrane
|
2%
0.2%
|
10 (lipo virus)
|
Against Gram positive bacteria, fungi nd enveloped viruses.
Active against mycobacteia
|
|
8.Quaternary
ammonium
compounds
|
Benzalkonium chloride, cetyl pyridinum chloride
|
Membrane damage by action on phospholipids
|
1-2%
|
10 (lipo virus)
|
Broad spectrum of activity
|
|
9. Aldehyde
|
Formaldehyde gas, formalin, glutaraldehyde
|
Reacts wih functional groups of protein and nucleic acids
|
3-8%
38%
2%
|
10 (lipo virus)
10 (lipo virus)
|
Broad spectrum of activity
|
Participants