VCP 511: Gynaecology and Obstetrics Section

Hormones used in Animal Reproduction

HORMONES COMMONLY USED IN REPRODUCTION

Hormones	Indication and Dose	Preparations
I. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH )
Endogenous GnRH – Decapeptide Secreted by the hypothalamus Causes release of both LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland Buserelin, Fertirelin and Gonadorelin are the synthetic analogues of GnRH	Buserelin (GnRH Analouge) Anestrum – 20 μg IM. Repeat after 8-22 days if required. Delayed ovulation. Improvement of conception rate- 5 – 10 μg IM. Before or at the time of insemination. Ø Cystic ovaries – 20 μg IM. Repeat after 8-14 days if required	Receptal (Intervet) Contains Buserelin 4 μg/ml. 10ml/2.5ml vial.

 

II. Luteinizing hormone (LH/hCG)
Glycoprotein. Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in both male and females. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) having LH like activity is widely used.	Female Delayed ovulation Prolonged estrus Anovulation - 1000-1500 IU - at the time of insemination, IV or IM. Cystic ovaries - 3000-5000 IU I/M or IV. Male Deficient libido - 1500 I.U I/M twice weekly -for 4-6 weeks.	a. Chorulon (Intervet) Injection: Powder for reconstitution. Chorionic gonadotropin 1500 IU/vial b. LH 1500 (Paines & Byrne) Injection: Powder for reconstitution Chorionic gonadotropin 1500 IU/vial. c. Pregnyl (organon/Intervet) Chorionic gonadotropin 1500 IU/vial. d. Lutormone (Burrough’s & Welcome Co.) Human chorionic gondotropin 1000 & 5000 IU. e. Progynon (Schering) Human chorionic gonadotropin 1000 & 5000 I.U.
III. Follicle Stimulating homone (FSH)
Ø Glycoproteins Ø Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) or Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) having predominantly FSH like activity and little LH like activity.	Ø Anestrum 1500 I.U. S/C or I/M. Repeat after 10-14 days. May lead to superovulation and hence breeding should not be done at the first heat. Ø Superovulation.	a. Folligon (Intervet) Injection: Powder for reconstitution. Serum gonadotropin 1000 IU/vial b. Follitropin – V (Bioniche, Canada) – contains FSH equivalent to 400 mg NIH / vial. c. Trophovet (Indian Immunologicals) Contains PMSG 1000 IU/Vial

 

IV. Prostaglandins
Ø Cause functional and morphological regression of the CL. Ø Natural prostaglandins and synthetic analogues are available	Induction of ovulation Synchronization of estrus Termination of pregnancy Induction of parturition Persistent CL Mummified fetus Pyometra Luteal cyst Embryo transfer Natural – 25 mg IM Synthetic analouge – 0.5 mg IM	Natural (Novartis) Lutalyse Dinoprost tromethamine 5 mg/ml, 10ml, 30ml vial. Dinofertin injection (Alved) 5 mg/ml, 5 ml vial. Synthetic Estrumate (Coopers Pitman – Moore) Cloprostenol (as sodium salt) 250μg/ml, 2ml,10ml, 20ml vials. Prosolvin (Intervet) Luprostiol 7.5 mg / ml. 2ml, 10ml, 20ml vials. Synchromate (Prima Vet care) Cloprostenol – 263 μg/ml. 4 ml vial. Vetmate (Vetcare) Cloprostenol 263 μg/ml. 2 ml vial. Pragma (Intas) Cloprostenol 263μg/ml. 2 ml vial. lliren (Intervet) Tiaprast 0.196mg/ml, 10 ml vial.

 

V. PROGESTERONE
Steroids Maintain pregnancy Inhibit oestrus and ovulation	To improve fertility and conception rate. 250 to 500 mg of depot preparation IM on the 4th day of AI. To prevent threatened abortions 500 mg of depot preparation, IM Repeat 4-5 times at every 10-15 days interval until 7months. Intravaginal device - CIDR, PRID  Ear Implant-Syncro-Mate-B Estrus induction / synchronization Anestrum Cystic ovaries	Eazi Breed CIDR Intravaginal device 1.38 gm progesterone 7 – 12 days with / without PG at the time of removal. PRID (Sanofi) Intravaginal device Progestrone 1.55g. + Oestradiol benzoate 10 mg Removed after 12 days followed by AI. Syncro-Mate-B 6mg of norgestomet in the ear implant with injection of 5mg of estradiol valerate and 3mg of norgestomet for IM use. (a single 2ml dose) Implant removed after 9 days followed by AI.   Crestar (INTERVET) 3 mg Norgestomet and each ml of SMB Lnj contains 3 mg Norgestomet and 5 mg estradiol valerate. 3 mg implant for 9 days. (2 ml SMB inj on the first day) Hydroxy progesterone caproate Duraprogen injection (Unichem) 250 /mg/ml. 2ml. amp. (depot) Hyprogen (Vets farma) 250/ mg/ml. 2ml, 3ml amp. Proluton Depot (German Remedies) 250/ mg/ml. 2ml. amp.

 

 

VI. Oxytocin
Peptide hormone Milk letting down Smooth muscle contraction Uterus  Myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland	Large Animals Milk letdown (5 – 10 Units) Retained Placenta (30 – 50 Units_ Primary Uterine interia (30 – 50 Units_ Small Animals – Uterine inertia 10 units(small doses repeatedly)	Pitocin (Parke – Davis) 5 IU / 0.5ml/ amp Syntocinon (Novartis) 5 IU / ml., 1 ml amp

 

VII. Clomiphene Citrate
Non – steroidal compound Remarkable structural similarity to Estradiol (E2) and Anti-estrogenic by competing with estrogens Binds to the E2 receptors in the hypothalamus to create a state of hypoestrogenicity, thereby causing an enhanced Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release followed by an increased secretion of gonadotropins which induces ovulation.	Induction of ovulation Ø Anestrus 300 mg tab/orally for 3 – 5 days (after administration of 1% Copper Sulphate Solution) Ø Repeat Breeding 300 mg 3 – 5 days (after administration of 1% Copper Sulphate Solution)	Clofert (Sigma labs) Tab 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg. Clofert Vet – 300 mg Clone (Chemech) Tab. 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 150mg Fertivet (Ar-Ex) Tab. 300 mg. Cis clompiphene citrate – 180mg Trans clomiphene citrate 120 mg. Fertomid (Cipla) Tab 25mg, 50 mg Siphene (serum Institute) Tab 500 mg, 100 mg

 

 Non-Hormonal drugs commonly used in Reproduction

S.No.	Category	Product name	Ingredient		Manufacturer
1	Intrauterine (Bolus)	Uromet Forte Bolus FUREA	Nitrofurazone – 60mg Urea – 5 gm Metronidazole – 1 gm		Neospark Pfizer Limited
2	Intrauterine (Suspension)	C-Flox-TZ Safex Tz	Ciprofloxacin – 125 mg Tinidazole – 150 mg		Neovet – Intas Pharmaceutical Geevet Remedies
3	Mineral Mixutre (Bolus)	Minotas Minerva	Zinc, Sulphate, Copper Sulphate, Magnesium Chloride, Cobalt Sulphate, Potassium Iodide, Sodium Selenite and Ferrous Sulphate		IntasPharmaceuticals Geevet Remedies
4	Mineral Mixutre (Powder)	Agrimin Forte Minfa Gold	Vitamin A	7,00,000 IU	Virbac Animal Health IntasPharmaceuticals
			Vitamin D3	70,000 IU
			Vitamin E	250 mg
			Nicodinamide	1000 mg
			Cobalt	150 mg
			Copper	1200 mg
			Iodine	325 mg
			Iron	1500 mg
			Magnesium	6000 mg
			Manganese	1500 mg
			Potassium	100 mg
			Sodium	5.9 mg
			Sulphur	0.72%
			Zinc	9600 mg
			Calcium	25.5%
			Phosphorus	12.75%
5	Inj. Calcium borogluconate	Calcium Boro gluconate Injection. I.P. (Vet) Calborol	Calcium Gluconate I.P (Equivalent to 1.86% W/V Calcium) Proportion of Boric acid to calcium 2.26 to 1 Chlorocresol I.P. 0.1% W/V Water for injection I. P q.s		Vatoquinol Novartis
6	Inj. Lignocaine	Tignocaine 2% Xylocaine 2%	Lignocaine I.P 2% W/V Sodium Chloride I.P 0.6% W/V Methylparaben I.P 0.1% W/V Water for injection I.P q.s		Tamman Titoe Pharma. AstraZeneca