VLD 421: Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnosis-II (0+1)

URINE VALUES

S. No.	Parameters	Horse	Cattle	Sheep	Pig	Dog	Cat
1	Volume	3-10	6.25	0-5.2	2-6	0.04-2	0.075-0.2
2	L/day	1.035	1.015	1.030	1.015	1.025	0.2
3	Specific gravity mean	1.020-1.050	1.005-1040	1.020-1.040	1.010-1.030	1.018-1.045	1.030 1.020-1.040
4	pH Range	7.0-8.5	8.5	7.0-8.5	6.0-8.5	5.2-6.8
5	Glucose	Nil	Nil/trace	Nil/trace	Nil	Nil/trace	Nil
6	Protein	Nil	-	Trace	Nil/trace	Trace	Nil/trace
7	Billrubin	-	Trace	-	-	-	-
8	Ketones	+	Trace	Variable	Nil	-	Nil
9	Indican	-	+	-	-	-	-
10	Magnesium		<0.8	-	-	-	-

+ Present, - Absent, a few epithelial cells, RBC and crystals can be found in normal urine.