Types

Types

    I. AFRICAN MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta):–
      1. Carnation flowered (Carnation flowered tall):
      • The plants grow up to a height of 75cm, flowers up to 10cm across.
      • Color orange, golden yellow, deep orange or lemon yellow
        i. Carnation flowered dwarf: It grows up to 40cm and large flowering.
      2. Chrysanthemum flowered:
        i. Tall double chrysanthemum flowered: plants are tall (60-80cm), flowers are large and are available in various shades of yellow and orange.
        ii. Dwarf double chrysanthemum flowered – grow up to 20-30cm.it has several strain viz.,
        • Lexur Series – Improved cupid type
        • Rexor Series - improved spun type
      3. Tall F1 hybrids:
      • Plants grow up to 3 m high, large, fully double flowers up to 12cm across. It has two series
        • F1 Gold Coin Series
        • F1 Climax series
      4. Semi tall F1 Hybrids:
      • This is also popular as hedge type because of its uniform and compact growth. Grows upto 50 cm height. Double flowers and 10cm across.
      5. Dwarf F1 Hybrids:
      • Plants grow up to 15- 40 cm high with compact. Many flowers appear at one time i.e., uniform flowering.
          1. Inca Series: Flowers are large, fully double and compact.
          2. Space Age Series: Early flowering, dwarf and uniform.
          3. Galore Series: long flowering duration with uniform.
      6. F1 Triploids:
      • Early type and vary free flowering. Large and golden yellow flowers
    II. FRENCH MARIGOLD (Tagetes patula):
      1. Dwarf Double:
      • Plant 20-30cm high, yellow, orange, reddish brown, mahogany red, golden yellow, sometimes bi-colour.
      2. Dwarf Double – Scabious Flowered:
      • Flowers with crested centre,
      • Wide range of colours are available – golden yellow, golden orange with red marking, golden yellow with red, brownish red with orange centre, golden yellow with spotted red, etc.
      3. Dwarf Double Petite:
      • A plant are very dwarf, 15-20cm high, and bears large number of attractive flowers with golden yellow, orange, yellow and maroon colour.
      4. French Dwarf Single:
      • Plants grow up to 20-35cm high, compact flowers, single,
      • Golden yellow, yellow, golden yellow with maroon eye, mahogany red with yellow centre, yellow with brown.
      5. Dwarf Triploid F1 Hybrid:
      • Plants grow up to 25-40 cm high, extremely early, profuse flowering; colour – yellow, golden yellow, orange and brownish red.
      6. Dwarf Double:
      • Dwarf All Saints: grows upto about 20cm high, good for bedding and wide range of colours are available.
      • Dwarf chrysanthemum type: Plants will grow upto 20cm high, compact and bushy, chrysanthemum flowered with rose and crimson coloured.
      7. Tetraploid Hybrids:
      • Early flowering, brilliant orange, fully double, carnation type flowers up to 6-7cm across.
      8. Single Signet (Tagetes tenuifolia):
      • One of the dwarf types of marigold, grow up to30-35cm tall, bushy with fine lacy foliage and covered with small single flowers of lemon yellow and orange colours.
      • These are suitable for pot culture, edging or rock garden in landscaping.
    Interspecific Hybrids
    • The interspecific hybrids between African marigold and French marigold have been produced in the USA which is intermediate in characters.
    • These hybrids are early flowering, medium in height, grow about 60 cm tall.
    • Plants are bushy and produce double flowers with delightful colour combination of red and gold and hence they are called ‘Red and Gold Hybrids’.
    Genetics and Breeding
    Genetics:
    • Towner 1961 compiled the species of Tagetes based on their chromosome number is as follows
      Diploid species- 2n Tetraploid species- 4n
      1. Tagetes erecta 24(Eyster, 1939) 1. T. patula 48(Eyster, 1939)
      2. T. tenuifolia 24(Eyster, 1939) 2. T. minuta 48
      3. T. elongate 24 3. T. remotiflora 48
      4. T. lemminii 24 4. T.biflora 48
      5. T. lucida 24 5. T. mendocina 48
      6. T. jaliscensis 24(Townwe, 1962)      
    Male Sterility:
      There are two types of male sterility is observed by Goldsmith during 1968 in marigold viz.,
        1. Apetalous
        2. Double flowered.
    • Apetalous male sterility is more preferred to full double flowers.
    • Because the second one is prone to break down and it gives few disc florets at later stages which, may be due to the age of the plant or environmental factors.
    • Apetalous flowers are less attractive to pollinating insects.
    • Male sterility is governed by recessive gene and is incorporated into seed parent.
    • It is maintained by crossing the heterozygous plants with the sterile ones.
    Breeding:
    • Self incompatible and cross pollinated crop.
    • The ratio of CP to SP is 35:65
    Objectives
    • High yielding, better quality of genotypes.
    • Pest and disease tolerance
    • Flower color-bicolors
    Methods
    • Introduction and Selection
    • Hybridization
    • Pedigree breeding
    • Heterosis breeding
    • Male sterility
    • Polyploidy
      •
Last modified: Wednesday, 20 June 2012, 11:58 AM