Elementary plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2+1)

Introduction

• The synthesis of every protein molecule in a cell is directed by intracellular DNA.
  
• There are two aspects to understand how this is accomplished – Information aspect and Chemical aspect.
  
• Information aspect meant the mechanism by which a base sequence in a DNA molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain.
• The chemical aspect refers to the actual process of synthesis of the protein: the means of initiating synthesis; linking together the amino acids in the correct order; terminating the chain; releasing the finished chain from the synthetic apparatus; folding the chain, and often postsynthetic modification of the newly synthesized chain.
• The overall process is called as Translation. Protein synthesis can be divided into three stages:
1. Polypeptide chain initiation,
2. Chain elongation and
3. Chain termination.