3.  Grapevine thrips: Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus (Thripidae: Thysanoptera)

Distribution and status: Grapevine growing area of India
Host range: Pomegranate, rose, jamun, almond, guava, grapes, mango, calotropis weed.

Damage symptoms

Both nymphs and adults lacerate leaves causing silvery white patches on leaves with black excreta. Severe infestation results in yellowing and withering.

Bionomics

Female lays 50 dirty white, bean-shaped eggs under the leaf surface by making small slits and placing one egg in one slit. Egg period 3-8 days, young nymphs reddish to yellowish-brown and nymphal period 9-20 days. Pupates on leaves, pupae mobile and crawl away when disturbed, pupal period 2-5 days. Adult minute, blackish brown, with yellowish wings. Female reproduces with/without fertilization; fertilized eggs produce females and unfertilized eggs produce males. There are many generations in a year.

Management

Remove grasses from orchard and prune infested leaves.
Rake the soil periodically.
Spray malathion 50 EC 1.0 L in 500 – 1000 L of water per ha  once before flowering and again the fruit set.