Biology of Finfish and Shellfish (2+1)

Topic outline

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  General

  Biology of Finfish and Shellfish (2+1)

  • Biology is the study of life forms and in this undergraduate course the students will be studying life history events of fishes, including shellfishes in the context of fisheries. Fin fishes include bony fishes, sharks, rays and skates while shellfishes include crustaceans and molluscs. Here the life history events of fin and shell fishes will be dealt with regard to their food and feeding habits, age and growth, maturation and reproductive strategies followed by embryonic and larval development.
  • Syllabus
  • Theory Page
  • Practical Page
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  Topic 1

  Unit 1: Finfish and Shellfish Food and Feeding Habits

  • Chapter 1: Food and feeding habits
  • 1.1.1 Food and feeding habits Page
  • 1.1.2 Categories of food Page
  • 1.1.3 Classification of food based on its importance Page
  • Quiz
  • Food and feeding habits File
  • Chapter 2: Fish food preferences
  • 1.2.1 Food preference Page
  • 1.2.2 Position in water column Page
  • Quiz
  • Fish food preferences File
  • Chapter 3: Major fish feeding types
  • 1.3.1 Predator Page
  • 1.3.2 Grazers Page
  • 1.3.3 Food strainers Page
  • 1.3.4 Food suckers Page
  • 1.3.5 Parasitic feeding Page
  • Quiz
  • Major fish feeding types File
  • Chapter 4: Feeding adaptations in fishes
  • 1.4.1 Feeding adaptations Page
  • 1.4.1.1 Lips Page
  • 1.4.1.2 Mouth Page
  • 1.4.1.3 Teeth Page
  • 1.4.1.4 Gill Rackers Page
  • 1.4.1.5 Digestive track Page
  • 1.4.1.5.1 Oesophagus Page
  • 1.4.1.5.2 Stomach Page
  • 1.4.1.5.3 Intestine Page
  • 1.4.1.6 Stimuli for Feeding Page
  • Quiz
  • Feeding Adaptations in Fishes File
  • Chapter 5: Detection of Food in Fishes
  • 1.5.1 Detection of Food Page
  • 1.5.2 Selection of food Page
  • 1.5.3 How Much Food, Fishes Feed On? Page
  • Quiz
  • Detection of Food in Fishes File
  • Chapter 6: Fish Feeding Periodicity in Fishes
  • 1.6.1 Feeding periodicity and variations Page
  • 1.6.1.1 Season Page
  • 1.6.1.2 Migratory cycle and reproductive activity Page
  • 1.6.1.3 Amount of food consumed daily Page
  • 1.6.1.4 Quantity of food Page
  • 1.6.1.5 Size of fish Page
  • Quiz
  • Fish Feeding Periodicity in Fishes File
  • Chapter 7: Food and Feeding Habits of Fin Fishes in Indian Water
  • 1.7.1 Indian Oil Sardine (Sardinella longiceps) Page
  • 1.7.2 Lesser sardines Page
  • 1.7.3 Anchovies Page
  • 1.7.4 Mackerels Page
  • 1.7.5 Tuna Page
  • 1.7.6 Carangid fishes Page
  • 1.7.7 Ribbon fishes Page
  • 1.7.8 Bombay-Duck (Harpadon nehereus) Page
  • 1.7.9 Silver belly Page
  • 1.7.10 Sciaenids Page
  • 1.7.11Lizard fishes Page
  • 1.7.12 Pomfrets Page
  • 1.7.13 Goatfishes Page
  • 1.7.14 Perches Page
  • 1.7.15 Flatfishes Page
  • 1.7.16 Elasmobranches Page
  • Quiz
  • Food and Feeding Habits of Fin Fishes in Indian Water File
  • Chapter 8: Food and Feeding Habits of Shell Fishes in Indian Water
  • 1.8.1 Penaeid Shrimps Page
  • 1.8.2 Non-penaeid shrimps Page
  • 1.8.3 Marine crabs Page
  • 1.8.4 Lobsters Page
  • 1.8.5 Cephalopods Page
  • Quiz
  • Food and Feeding Habits of Shell Fishes in Indian Water File
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  Topic 2

  Unit 2: Gut Content Analysis

  • Chapter 1: Gut Content Analysis in Fishes
  • 2.1.1 Gut Content Analysis in Fishes Page
  • 2.1.2 Limitations of gut content analysis Page
  • 2.1.3 Feeding intensity Page
  • Quiz
  • Gut Content Analysis in Fishes File
  • Chapter 2: Methods of Gut Content Analysis
  • 2.2.1 Methods of fish content analysis Page
  • 2.2.1.1 Occurrence method Page
  • 2.2.1.2 Numerical method Page
  • 2.2.1.3 Volumetric method Page
  • 2.2.1.4 Gravimetric method (Based on weight) Page
  • 2.2.1.5 Points method Page
  • Quiz
  • Methods of Gut Content Analysis File
  • Chapter 3: Indices of Gut Content Analysis
  • 2.3.1 Index of Relative Importance: (IRI) Page
  • 2.3.2 Absolute importance index: (AI) Page
  • 2.3.3 Gastrosomatic Index: (GoSI) Page
  • Gut content analysis File
  • Quiz
  • Indices of Gut Content Analysis File
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  Topic 3

  Unit 3: Age and Growth

  • Chapter 1: Age and Growth in Fishes
  • 3.1.1 Age and growth in fishes Page
  • 3.1.2 Growth model Page
  • Age determination File
  • Quiz
  • Age and Growth in Fishes File
  • Chapter 2: Methods of Age Determination using Hard Parts
  • 3.2.1 Scales Page
  • 3.2.2 Opercular bones Page
  • 3.2.3 Vertebrae Page
  • 3.2.4 Cleithra Page
  • 3.2.5 Otoliths Page
  • Quiz
  • Methods of Age Determination using Hard Parts File
  • Chapter 3: Methods of Age Determination Using Length Frequency Method
  • 3.3.1 Length frequency method Page
  • 3.3.2 Collection and processing of length frequency data Page
  • 3.3.3 Integrated method (Pauly, 1983) Page
  • Quiz
  • Methods of Age Determination Using Length Frequency Method File
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  Topic 4

  Unit 4: Reproductive Biology

  • Chapter 1: Reproduction in Fishes
  • 4.1.1 Reproduction in fishes Page
  • 4.1.2 Types of reproduction Page
  • 4.1.3 Male reproductive organ (Testis) Page
  • 4.1.4 Female reproductive organ (Ovary) Page
  • Quiz
  • Reproduction in Fishes File
  • Chapter 2: Sexual Characters in Fishes
  • 4.2.1 Sexual characters in fishes Page
  • Quiz
  • Sexual Characters in Fishes File
  • Chapter 3: Maturation and Spawning
  • 4.3.1 Maturation and spawning Page
  • 4.3.2 Flatfish maturity scale Page
  • 4.3.3 Maturity stages Page
  • Maturity stages of male File
  • Maturity stages of female File
  • 4.3.4. Intra-ovarian periodicities and frequency of spawning Page
  • 4.3.5. Five scale Maturity stage Description Page
  • Quiz
  • Maturation and Spawning File
  • Chapter 4 : Fecundity
  • 4.4.1. Fecundity Page
  • 4.4.1.1. Gravimetric method Page
  • 4.4.1.2. Volumetric method Page
  • 4.4.1.3. Automatic egg counter Page
  • Quiz
  • Fecundity File
  • Chapter 5: Reproductive Strategy
  • 4.5.1. Reproductive and Strategy Page
  • 4.5.2. Classification of Reproductive Strategies Page
  • 4.5.2.1. Open substrate spawners Page
  • 4.5.2.2. Brood Hiders Page
  • Quiz
  • Reproductive Strategy File
  • Chapter 6: Parental caring fishes
  • 4.6.1. Parental caring fishes Page
  • 4.6.2. Substratum Spawners Page
  • 4.6.3. Nest Spawners Page
  • 4.6.4. Burrow Nest Spawners Page
  • 4.6.5. Bearers Page
  • 4.6.6. External Carriers Page
  • 4.6.7. Internal Bearers Page
  • Quiz
  • Parental caring fishes File
  • Chapter 7: Developmental Stages of finfishes
  • 4.7.1. Developmental Stages of Finfishes Page
  • 4.7.1.1. Embryonic development Page
  • 4.7.1.2. Larval development Page
  • Embryonic and larval development File
  • Quiz
  • Developmental Stages of Finfishes File
  • Chapter 8: Fish Eggs
  • 4.8.1. Breeding modes of bony fish Page
  • 4.8.2. General characteristics of eggs Page
  • 4.8.3. Developmental stages of fish eggs Page
  • 4.8.4. Different types of fish eggs Page
  • 4.8.5. Identification keys of isolated pelagic fish eggs Page
  • Quiz
  • Fish Eggs File
  • Chapter 9: Fish Larvae
  • 4.9.1. Characters used for the identification Page
  • Yolk sac larvae File
  • 4.9.2. Diagnostic features applicable to different groups of fish larvae Page
  • Sphyraenidae File
  • Sphyraenidae Page
  • Teraponidae File
  • Teraponidae Page
  • Thunidae File
  • Thunidae Page
  • Acanthuridae File
  • Acanthuridae Page
  • Balistidae File
  • Balistidae Page
  • Carangidae File
  • Carangidae Page
  • Cynoglossidae File
  • Cynoglossidae Page
  • Engraulidae File
  • Engraulidae Page
  • Hemiramphidae File
  • Hemiramphidae Page
  • Holocentridae File
  • Holocentridae Page
  • Labridae File
  • Labridae Page
  • Leiognathidae File
  • Leiognathidae Page
  • Mugilidae File
  • Mugilidae Page
  • Sillaginidae File
  • Sillaginidae Page
  • Soleidae File
  • Soleidae Page
  • Quiz
  • Fish Larvae File
  • Chapter 10: Larval Forms in Mollusca
  • 4.10.1. Larval Forms in Mollusca Page
  • Oyster development File
  • 4.10.2 Trochophore Page
  • Trochophore larvae File
  • 4.10.3. Veliger Page
  • 4.10.4. Glochidium Page
  • Glochidium larvae File
  • Quiz
  • Larval Forms in Mollusca File
  • Chapter 11: Developmental Stages in Cephalopoda
  • 4.11.1. Developmental Stages in Cephalopoda Page
  • 4.11.2. Ontogeny of Sepia Page
  • 4.11.3. 1st Stage Page
  • 4.11.4. 2nd Stage Page
  • 4.11.5. 3rd Stage Page
  • 4.11.6. 4th Stage Page
  • 4.11.7. 5th Stage Page
  • 4.11.8. 6th Stage Page
  • Quiz
  • Developmental Stages in Cephalopoda File
  • Chapter 12: Early Development in Shrimps
  • 4.12.1. Eggs Page
  • 4.12.2. Nauplius I Page
  • 4.12.3. Nauplius II Page
  • 4.12.4. Nauplius III Page
  • 4.12.5. Nauplius IV Page
  • 4.12.6. Nauplius V Page
  • 4.12.7. Nauplius VI Page
  • 4.12.8. Protozoea I Page
  • 4.12.9. Protozoea II Page
  • 4.12.10. Protozoea III Page
  • 4.12.11. Mysis I Page
  • 4.12.12. Mysis II Page
  • 4.12.13. Mysis III Page
  • 4.12.14. Postlarva I Page
  • Life cycle of shrimp File
  • Quiz
  • Early Development in Shrimps File
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  Topic 5

  Unit 5: Marking and tagging Techniques

  • Chapter 1: Group Marking Techniques in Fishes
  • 5.1.1. Group Marking Techniques in Fishes Page
  • 5.1.2. Purpose of marking and tagging Page
  • 5.1.2.1. Fin clipping Page
  • 5.1.2.2. Opercular and fin punch Page
  • 5.1.2.3. Branding Page
  • 5.1.2.4. Tattooing Page
  • 5.1.2.5. Silver Nitrate marking Page
  • 5.1.2.6. Subcutaneous Injection Page
  • 5.1.2.7. Injection with Liquid latex Page
  • 5.1.2.8. Injection with vital stain Page
  • 5.1.2.9. Injection with fluorescent materials Page
  • 5.1.2.10. Fluorescent Spray Marking Page
  • 5.1.2.11. Elastomer dye marking Page
  • Quiz
  • Group Marking Techniques in Fishes File
  • Chapter 2: Individual Internal Marking Technique in Fishes
  • 5.2.1. Individual marking techniques Page
  • 5.2.2. Internal Marking Technique Page
  • 5.2.3. Passive integrated transponder tags Page
  • Quiz
  • Individual Internal Marking Technique in Fishes File
  • Chapter 3: Individual External Marking Technique - I
  • 5.3.1. Individual External Marking Technique – I Page
  • 5.3.2. Advantages Page
  • 5.3.3. T – Bar Tags Page
  • 5.3.4. Plastic tipped dart tags Page
  • 5.3.5. Stainless steel head dart tags (SSD) Page
  • 5.3.6. Body cavity tags Page
  • 5.3.7. Self locking cinch-up loop tags Page
  • Quiz
  • Individual External Marking Technique – I File
  • Chapter 4: Individual External Marking Technique - II
  • 5.4.1. Plastic head intra-muscular tags – Game fish tag Page
  • 5.4.2. Polyethylene Streamer Tags Page
  • 5.4.3. Glue-on shellfish tags Page
  • 5.4.4. Fingerling tags Page
  • 5.4.5. Disc and Button tags Page
  • 5.4.6. Petersen disc tag with wire pin Page
  • 5.4.7. Carlin Disc Page
  • 5.4.8. Food-safe ruggedized RFID PIT tags Page
  • 5.4.9. Information to be printed on tags Page
  • 5.4.10. Release information Page
  • 5.4.11. Recapture information Page
  • 5.4.12. Tagging programme contact information Page
  • 5.4.13. Necessary qualities of a tag Page
  • Quiz
  • Inidividual External Marking Technique II File
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  Topic 6

  Glossary

  • Glossary
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  Topic 7

  Practical
  P1: Comparative Study on Feeding Adaptation of Fish

  • Aim Page
  • Requirements Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Feeding adaptations Page
  • Observation Page
  • Quiz
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  Topic 8

  P2: Length-Weight Relationship of Fish

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Observations Page
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  Topic 9

  P3: Estimation of Fecundity

  • Aim Page
  • Material required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Gravimetric method Page
  • Observation Page
  • Results Page
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  Topic 10

  P4: Assessment of maturity in finfish

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Observation Page
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  Topic 11

  P5: Assessment of maturity in cephalopod

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
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  Topic 12

  P6: Assessment of maturity in marine shrimp

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Male reproductive organ Page
  • Female reproductive organ Page
  • Male and Female reproductive of Shrimp File
  • Maturity stages of female P. monodon Page
  • Maturity stages in female shrimp File
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  Topic 13

  P7: Determination of length at first maturity in finfishes

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Observation Page
• 
  

  Topic 14

  P8: Determination of length at first maturity in cephalopod species

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Observation Page
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  Topic 15

  P9: Determination of length at first maturity in marine shrimp

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Observation Page
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  Topic 16

  P10: Identification of eggs of finfishes

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Identification of fish eggs Page
  • Egg capsule of shark (Mermaid purse) Page
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  Topic 17

  P11: Identification of eggs of shell fishes

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Identification of fish eggs Page
  • Eggs of chank Page
  • Egg mass of Sepia sp. Page
  • Egg capsule of Murex sp. Page
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  Topic 18

  P12: Identification of larval stages of finfishes

  • Aim Page
  • Material required Page
  • Key characters used for identification Page
  • Important characters for the identification of fish larvae Page
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  Topic 19

  P13: Tags: Commonly used in fishery biological studies

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Purpose of tagging Page
  • Observation Page
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  Topic 20

  P14: Tagging fish

  • Aim Page
  • Procedure Page
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  Topic 21

  P15: Visit to marine shrimp hatchery

  • Aim Page
  • Materials required Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Inference Page
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  Topic 22

  Reference

  • Reference Page
  • Further Reference Page