Classification of pesticides based on target organisms

Classification of pesticides based on target organisms
    1. Insecticides eg. endosulfan, malathion
    2. Rodenticides eg. Zinc phosphide, warfarin
    3. Acaricides eg. dicofol, azinphos methyl
    4. Avicides eg. TMTD, anthraquinone
    5. Molluscides eg. metaldehyde, trifenmorph
    6. Nematicides eg. DD, ethylene dibromide
    7. Fungicides eg. Copper oxychloride, mancozeb
    8. Bactericides eg. Streptomycin sulphate, aureomycin
    9. Herbicides eg. 2,4-D, butachlor
    Classification of insecticides
    1. Based on chemical nature
    A. Inorganic insecticides
    eg. Arsenic & Fluorine compounds
    B. Organic insecticides
    1. Hydrocarbon oils
    2. Animal origin eg. Neristoxin
    3. Plant origin eg. Nicotine, pyrethrum, rotenone, neem
    4. Synthetic organic compounds
    i. Dinitro phenols eg. DNOC
    ii. Organothiocyanates eg. thanite
    iii. Chlorinated hydrocarbons eg. endosulfan
    iv. Organophosphorus compounds eg. phosphamidon
    v. Carbamates eg. carbofuron, aldicarb
    vi. Synthetic pyrethroids eg. cypermethrin
    2. Based on mode of entry
    • Stomach poison eg. B.t
    • Contact poison eg. Chlorinated hydrocarbons
    • Fumigant eg. DDVP, Lindane
    • Systemic poison eg. Methyl demeton, Dimethoate
    3. Based on mode of action
    A. General classification
    1. Physical poison eg. inert dusts
    2. Protoplasmic poison eg. heavy metals like mercury and copper, fluorine and arsenics
    3. Respiratory poison eg. hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide
    4. Nerve poison eg. organophosphates, carbamates
    B. Matsumura’s classification
    1. Physical poison eg. inert dusts.
    • Dissolves wax layer & rearrange them – cracking.
    2. Protoplasmic poison eg. heavy metals like mercury and copper, fluorine and arsenics
    • Denatures protoplasm.
    3. Metabolic inhibitors
    i. Carbohydrate metabolism inhibitors eg. Sodium flouroacetate
    • Inhibits TCA cycle.
    ii. Respiratory metabolic inhibitors eg. Rotenoids, arsenicals
    • Inhibitors of ET chain
    • Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation
    iii. Amine metabolism inhibitors eg. Formamidines
    • Induces accumulation of biogenic amines – octopomine
    • Blocks Na+ channel and also K+ current
    iv.Mixed function oxidase inhibitors eg. Synergists
    v. Insect hormones eg. Juvenile hormone analogues
    • Affects synthesis of natural JH
    vi. Chitin synthesis inhibitors eg. Diflubenzuron
    • Affects deposition of chitin in endocuticle
    • Affects other constituents of endocuticle
    4. Non metabolic inhibitors (or) neuroactive agents
    i. Effect of permeability eg. HCH, DDT
    ii. Anticholine esterases eg. OP’s, carbamates
    iii. Agents for nerve receptors eg. Nicotenoids
    5. Hormone mimics eg. methoprene
    6. Stomach poison eg. Bt
    C. Insecicides mode of action groups
    Group Primary target group Chemical subgroups
    1A
    1B     		Acetyl choline esterase inhibitors Carbamates
    Organophosphates
    2A
    2B
    2C     		GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists Cyclodienes
    Polychlorocycloalthanes
    Fiproles
    3A Sodium channel modulators Pyrethroids, pyrethrins
    4A
    4B
    4C     		Ach receptor agonist/antagonists Chlornicotinyls
    Nicotine
    Cartap, bensultap
    5A Ach receptor modulators spinosyns
    6A
    6B     		Chloride channel activators Avermectin, emamectin
    Milebemycin
    7A
    7B
    7C     		Juvenile hormone mimics Methoprene, hydroprene
    Fenoxycarb
    pyriproxifen
    8A
    8B     		Unknown or non specific action (fumigants) Methyl bromide
    Phosphine generating comp.
    9A
    9B     		(selective feeding blockers) Pymetrozine
    Cryolite
    10A (mite growth inhibitors) Clofentezine, hexythiazox
    11A
    11B
    11C
    11D
    11E     		Microbial disrupters of insect midgut membranes (including Bt crops) B.t. tenebrionis
    B.t. israelensis
    B.t. kurstaki, B.t. aizawi
    B.t. sphericus
    B.t. tolworthi
    12A
    12B     		Inhibitors of oxidativephosphorylation, Disrupters of ATP formation Organotin miticides
    Diafenthiuron
    13A Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of H proton gradient Chlorfenapyr
    15A Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors Acyl ureas
    16A Ecdysone agonists Tebufenozide and related
    17A Homopteran chitin biosynthesis inhibitors Buprofezin
    18A Unknown dipteran specific mode of action Cyromazine
    19A Octopominergic agonist Amitraz
    20A Site II electron transport inhibitors Hydramethylnon
    21A Site I electron transport inhibitors Rotenone, METI acaricides
    22A Voltage dependent sodium channel blocker Indoxacarb
       

Last modified: Tuesday, 28 February 2012, 5:07 PM