Insect Pests of Fruits, Plantation, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops

Biorational insecticide

• Biorational pesticide
• “Any type of insecticide active against pest populations, but relatively innocuous to non-target organisms, and, therefore, non-disruptive to biological control” (Stansly et al.1996).
• An insecticide can be “innocuous” by having low or no direct toxicity, or by having systemic or by moving rapidly into the leaf through the leaf surface, or by having short field residual, thereby minimizing exposure of natural enemies to the insecticide.
• an insecticide can be innocuous to one natural enemy or even some life stages of one natural enemy but can be toxic to another natural enemy or other life stages
• The biorational nature of pesticides depends upon the time, pest and crop upon which they are used
• It needs good safety on non-target pest
Chemical Action	Common Name	Target Pest
Systemics (nicotinoids)	Imidacloprid Thiamethoxam Acetamiprid	Whiteflies, aphids Whiteflies, aphids Whiteflies, aphids
Insect Growth Regulators	Pyriproxyfen Buprofezin Tebufenozide Methoxyfenozide Novaluron	Whiteflies, aphids Whiteflies Leps. Leps. Whiteflies, Leps.
Miscellaneous	Pymetrozine Spinosad Indoxacarb Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole	Aphids, whiteflies Leps., leafminers Leps. Leps., leafminers Leps., leafminers