Glossary

Human Physiology

Lesson 01 : Cell, Organization of Body

Glossary


Cell
: It is smallest unit of human body and other multicellular organisms.

Cell Membrane: It is outermost fluid covering around a cell. It is made up of phospholipids and proteins.

Tissue: composed of a group of cells with similar structure and performing same functions e.g. epithelial, connective tissues.

Organ: is larger structure composed of several types of tissues and perform specific function. e.g. stomach contains epithelium, muscular and connective tissue and performs digestive action.

System: is a group of several organs performing several functions of related nature. e.g. digestive system composed of organs like mouth, tongue, teeth, oesophagus, stomach and intestines etc.

Myocyte: cell showing contractile function of muscle cell e.g. skeletal muscle fibre, smooth muscle cell and cardiac myocyte.

Neuron: cell of nervous system (brain, spinal cord).

Osteocyte: cell of bones.

Chondrocyte: cells of cartilages.

Hepatocyte: cells of liver.

Erythrocyte: red blood cells.

Leucocytes: white blood cells.

Thrombocytes: platelet cells.

Oocyte: female germ cells.

Sperm: male germ cells.

Endothelium: lining tissue of blood vessels.

Melanocyte: Pigmented cell of skin.

Definitions
Mitosis
: is multiplication of cell in which parent cell divides into two daughter cells with same number of chromosomes. Occur in somatic cells.

Meiosis: is multiplication of cell in which parent cell divides into daughter cells with half number of chromosomes. It occurs in gametic cells.

Somatic Cell: cells of general body (except germ cells) are called somatic cells. They divide by mitosis.

Gametic Cell: are cells (primary spermatocyte and primary oocyte) of sex glands i.e. testes and ovaries which divides by meiosis.

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Last modified: Tuesday, 10 April 2012, 4:38 AM