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Structure: Acrylic fibre is rod like with uniform diameter when viewed longitudinally under microscope. Longitudinal striations are found parallel to the fibre axis. The cross sectional shape is ‘dumbell’. The delustered fibre shows spitted appearance.
Density: Acrylic has a low density of 1.16 gm/cm. This helps in excellent covering power in fabrics.
Physical Properties:
Strength: The tenacity of acrylic fibres is medium ranging from 2.2 to 2.6. the fibres loose strength when wet to a considerable extent. Even though the fibre is not very strong, it is possible to produce fabrics that satisfy the consumer.
Elasticity
Elongation at break of acrylic fibre is medium. The fibres show high elastic recovery of 90-95 % for small extensions. The recovery from higher extension decrease considerably.
Resiliency: Acrylic fibres have moderate and good resilience. Fabrics resist wrinkling and undesirable creases hang out easily and quickly. Bulky fabrics are more resistant and lofty.
Abrasion resistance: Acrylic has moderate abrasion resistance.
Moisture Regain: : Acrylic fibre is also a hydrophobic fibre like polyester. It has a regain of 1.0 to 2.5 %. The absorbency if spun acrylic fabrics happen to be better than filament fabrics. The lower absorbency gives resistance to all types of stains.
Dimensional Stability: Acrylic fabrics show good dimensional stability in normal use.
Drapability: Acrylics provide satisfactory drape characteristics.
Thermal Properties:
Heat conductivity: Acrylic fibre like other synthetics does not conduct heat well. Due to its dumbbell cross sectional shape, it facilitates more bulkiness in fabrics which results in providing warmth and therefore suitable for winter wear.
Burning Properties: The fibres shrink away from flame and take up the flame readily and burn faster after removal from flame, leaving a brittle hard black bead. The melting starts at 2320C to 2550C. Ironing below 1600C is recommended.
Chemical Properties:
Effect of alkalies: Fair to good resistance is found to weak alkalies and strong alkalies at room temperatures.
Effect of acids: Acrylic is highly resistant to strong organic as well as mineral acids.
Effect of bleaches:
Acrylic fabrics can be safely bleached with any household bleach.
Miscellaneous properties:
Effect of Sunlight: Acrylic has excellent resistance to sunlight.
Effect of Moths and Mildew: Acrylic has excellent resistance to the growth of mildew and all types of moths and insects.
Effect of Perspiration: Perspiration does not deteriorate the acrylic fabric.
Electrical Conductivity: Acrylic is a poor conductor of electricity.
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