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Lesson 15:History of extension programmes

Rural development efforts of Pre- Independence

1. The Famine Commission of 1901: Some far reaching recommendations were made as a result of the publication of report of the famine commission of 1901. The following were the main highlights of the report.
   
   1. Imperial Agricultural Research Institute was established at Pusa (Bihar) which was the beginning of the organized agricultural research in India.
   2. An Agricultural college with a well-equipped experimental farm was also started at Pus a (Bihar) and other agricultural colleges; major states were established from 1905 onwards.
   3. The link between Agricultural colleges and the districts was provided through experimental farms in each district.
   4. Scientific and expert staffs in the capacity of Horticulturists and Agronomists were appointed.
   5. The Indian Agriculture service was instituted at the center as a result of the recommendations of the commission.
   6. The Agricultural Research Institutes were started from 1920 onwards
2. Daniel Scheme (1903) or Model Village in Sundarban: In 1903 Sir. Daniel Hamilton made a scheme of creating model villages in Bengal on cooperative principles. He organized a cooperative credit society and a central cooperative bank, in 1915, and started the work of rural upliftment in Madras Mr. Daniel also established a Rural Reconstruction Institute in 1934, which provided training facilities in cottage and subsidiary industries.
3. Sri Niketan Project (1908): It was founded by Ravindranath Tagore for village development. Sriniketan was one mile away from Shanti Niketan. Sri Niketan is situated 90 miles away in Western side from Calcutta in Bolpur district. It was started with the assistance of sociologist, Mr. L. Rit. The main aim of this project was the all round development of rural people.

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