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The most common connectors used in professional au~!o systems are XLR, RCA, and phono jacks.
XLR An XLR, see Fig. 7.12(a) (adapted from Canon plug 'X', the latch '11, and the rubber compound 'R'), is the universally used connector for a balanced audio output. It has three pins, each connected by a wire to provide a balanced input for recorders and mixers. Two of the cables basically carry the same signal and the ~ird wire is a shield that acts as a ground. This balanced line removes all hum and other electronic interference. There are both male and female XLR connectors that help in lengthening the cable (by connecting another cable) or even connecting mics to these connectors or mixers.
XLR Connectors
RCA An RCA connector (adapted from the name Radio Corporation of America) is a plug and a jack designed for use with a cable for both very low and very high frequencies. The male RCA plug consists of a central pin measuring approximately 2 mm in diameter and an outer shell whose in- side diameter is approximately 6 mm. The plug shell is slotted rather than threaded, to facilitate quick insertion to, and removal from the female jack or receptacle. Contact is maintained by physical pressure between the slotted shell of the plug and the smooth cylindrical barrel of the jack. The RCA connector does not provide a balanced audio output.
RCA Connectors
Phono jack A phono jack, see Fig. 7.12(c), is also used in audio systems but mostly in those that are not professional. For example, the audio mixer and amplifying system that a tent-housewalla uses to play songs uses a phonojack. They were earlier used only in telephone exchanges and were of 6.5 mm size, giving it the name phono jack. We still find them in headphones.
Phono Jack and Phono Jack Adaptor
The problem with RCA and phono jack connectors is that they are susceptible to hums and electronic interferences. Therefore, they are preferred for indoor use most times.
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