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Sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. The primary sex ratio is the ratio at the time of conception, secondary sex ratio is the ratio at the time of birth, and tertiary sex is the ratio of mature organism. Sex Ratio is a term used to define number of females per 1000 males. It's a great source to find the equality of males and females in a society at a given period of time.
In India Sex Ratio was okay till the time of Independence, thereafter it has declined regularly. In India the number of women per 1000 men has been decreasing over the years. In 1971 the figure was 930 which rose to 934 in 1981. In 1991 there were 927 women per 1000 men in India and in 2001; the figure has slightly improved to 933. The growth of the female population (2.10%) was slightly lower than that of the male population (2.17%) during the decade 1981-1991. But over the last decade viz. 1991-2001, the female population growth rate was 1.97% as compared to the 1.90% growth rate of the male population.
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Sex Ratio of India 2011
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940 females for every 1,000 males
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Total Male Population
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623,700,000 (623.7 million)
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Total Female Population
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586,500,000 (586.5 million)
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Rural and Urban Sex ratio in India
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Rural Sex Ratio of India
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Rural
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947
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Urban Sex Ratio of India
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Urban
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926
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It is quite surprising that female sex ratio in rural India is higher than urban India. Overall sex ratio in rural India is 947 where female sex ratio in urban India is just 926.
According to Census of India 2011, Indian sex ratio has shown some improvement in the last 10 years. It has gone up from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011 census of India. There has been some improvement in the Sex Ratio of India but it has gone down badly in some states like Haryana. The state of Kerala with 1084 females for every 1000 males has the best sex ratio in India. It has shown a tremendous improvement in the last 10 years. Haryana has the lowest sex ratio of 877 females per 1000 males. So sex ratio of India varies from region to region. Kerala and Puducherry are only two places in India where total female population is more than the male population. Other states like Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka are also showing an increase in their sex ratio.
The states of South India have the best Sex Ratio of females per 1000 males. Some important facts about Sex Ratio of India are presented here:
- Kerala with 1084 females per 1000 males has the highest sex ratio according to 2011 Census of India.
- In Union Territories of India, Daman and Diu has the lowest female sex ratio while Pondicherry has the highest female sex ratio in India.
- There is some extent of gender bias in India which is responsible for this decline in female ratio however it has started to show some improvement in the last 20 years.
- Lack of education and poverty in rural areas leads to gender bias.
An interesting comparison highlighting gender differences in the society can be observed by looking at the distribution of male and female population according to marital status. In 1999, about 45.6% of females were never married as compared to 55.17% of males. Moreover, about 8% females are either widowed/divorced or separated (W/D/S) as compared to only 2.5% males.
Top 3 states/UTs with highest rural sex ratio in India are
Kerala with 1077, Manipur – 1038, Puducherry(UT) 1029 and Chhattisgarh with 1002 females per 1000 males.
Bottom 3 states/UTs with lowest rural sex ratio in India are
Chandigarh(UT) with only 691, NCT of Delhi (UT) with 847 and Dadra Nagar Haveli(UT) with 863 females per 1000 males.
Top 3 states/UTs with highest urban sex ratio in India are
Kerala with 1091, Puducherry(UT) 1043 and Manipur with 1038 females per 1000 males.
Bottom 3 states/UTs with lowest urban sex ratio in India are
Daman & Diu(UT) with only 550, Dadra Nagar Haveli(UT) with 684 and Chandigarh with 821 females per 1000 males.
At birth: 1.12 male(s)/ female
Under 15 years: 1.10male(s) / female
15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/ female
65 years and over: 0.90 male(s)/ female
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