Low payment of wages for the hours and load of work turning over
Inadequate attention towards education of women
Denied access to productive assets
Employment in unorganized sector
Seasonal employment, as most of the women are agriculture labourers
Exercise of gender specific process while designing programmes and policies
Burden due to structural adjustments
Low access to food and other primary needs
Female headed families are disproportionately represented.
Personal factors
Illiteracy
Ignorance
Illiteracy
Insecurity
Inferiority
Inability
Injustice
Low capabilities
Low capabilities to be well nourished and healthy ( the proportion of children under five who are underweight)
Low capabilities to reproduce healthily (the proportion of births unattended by trained health personnel);
Low capabilities to be educated (represented by rates of illiteracy).
Means of livelihood Livelihood promotion is a suitable solution to overcome faminised poverty. Livelihood is the ne which generates adequate cash and non cash resources for meeting the requirements of self and the household. Hence it goes beyond generating income and employment.
Livelihood enhancement strategies
Motivation of the target communities, particularly women for self introspection of their role in overcoming feminized poverty
Formation of Self Help Groups and their Federation for collective action in setting and achieving the objectives
Introduction of drudgery reduction activities to lessen the drudgery and improve the productivity
Gender senitization to overcome developmental constraints
Training and capacity building to provide technical knowledge and skill, thus increasing the employment in organized sector.
Micro-finance, provision of credit facilities and linkage with banks for promotion of institutional credit
Development of infrastructure, particularly through the SHG federations to provide necessary support services and marketing
Trade networking and establishment of market outlets to sustain the economic status.
Village level information centre for dissemination of useful information and technology to improve the quality of life
Supporting strategies
Expand substantially the access of poor women to family –planning and reproductive health services.
Adopt education reform agendas designed to increase the quantity and quality of, first primary, and then secondary, schooling for girls.
Creative incentives for the private sector to expand women’s access to agencies that offer credit and savings services.
Increase rural women’s access to agricultural extension services by modifying existing ones or by establishing separate services for them.
Expand women’s access to productive infrastructure, especially in rural areas.
Participants