Temperate Vegetables (1+1)

CABBAGE & CHINESE CABBAGE

CABBAGE
The cabbages are classified into three broad groups:

1. White cabbage – most common shapes for cultivated cabbages are pointed, round and flat or drumhead.
2. Red cabbage – Leaves have distinct coat of wax and tolerant to diamond back moth.
3. Savoy cabbage – Blistered leaves and the shape is pointed round and flat.

Varieties:

a. White cabbage cultivars are divided into 3 groups on the basis of maturity of heads after transplanting.

Early Group (Takes 55-70 days to maturity)	Mid season Group (Cultivars fall between early and late and take 80-90 days)	Late Group (Takes 85-130 days)
Golden Acre, Pride of India, Copenhagen Market, Pusa Ageti, Pusa Mukta, Pusa Sambandh (Synthetic var.), Pusa Synthetic	Wisconsin All Green, All Heads Early, Glory of Enkhuizen, September, Pusa Drum Head	Pusa Drum Head, Danish Ball Head, Indian Edips, Late Flat Dutch, Late K-1, Late Large Drum Head

b. Red Cabbage: Kinner Red, Red Acre and Red Mammoth

c. Savoy Cabbage: Perfection (Syn. Chieftain)

The varieties can also be grouped as open pollinated or Hybrid varieties:
Open Pollinated Varieties
a) Early and mid season
Golden Acre:

• This is an earliest variety evolved by selection from the Copenhagen Market and recommended by IARI for cultivation in India.
• It takes about 60-65 days from transplanting to head formation.
• The heads are solid, short core and weighing about 1.0-1.5 kg.
• The heads should be harvested immediately after head formation otherwise, cracking may take place.

Pride of India:

• It is an introduction, early in maturity and good in taste.
• The plant type of this variety is similar to `Golden Acre` but it is about a week later in maturity. It has bigger sized heads, weighing about 1.5 to 2.0 kg per head.

Pusa Mukta (Sel-8):

• This is a new variety developed by Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Katrain, by hybridization between EC 24855 x EC 10109.
• The light green foliage with wavy margins is a distinguishing character of the variety.
• The heads are compact, slightly flattish round with loose wrapper leaves at the top.
• Average head weight is 1.5-2.0 kg.
• It is resistant to black rot

Pusa Drum Head:

1. Heads are solid and flat weighing about 3 to 4 kg.
2. It takes about 80-90 days from transplanting to harvesting.
3. It also possesses field resistant to black leg.

b) Late group:
September:

• The foliage is dark green with wavy margin.
• The stalk is long and heads usually tilt on one side after formation.
• It has solid, flattish round to slightly oblong heads.
• It has very good keeping quality.
• This variety takes about 96 to 100 days from transplanting to head formation.

Late Drumhead:

• It is a late maturing variety.
• It takes about 105-110 days from transplanting to head formation.
• Stalk is short with small frame and few outer leaves.
• Heads are uniform, solid, large, flat, drum shaped and pale green in colour.

Kinner Red:

• Heads are red in colour.
• All the red cabbage cultivars are tolerant to diamond back moth.
• It has distinct coat of wax and produces a head of 1-2 kg, taking about 90 days from transplanting to head formation.

Hybrids :
Suhda (BSS-115):

• Heads are highly compact and mature in 75 days.
• This hybrid can be grown round the year.
• The average weight of head is 2-3 kg.
• This hybrid is resistant to Fusarium wilt.

Bajrang (BSS-50):

• It is an early hybrid, heads are dark green, smooth, highly compact and weights around 0.8 to 1.2 kg
• The outer leaves are upright.
• It matures in 65 days but can stand on the field for 45 days after maturity.
• It can tolerate high temperature (up to 36^oC) and resistant to Fusarium wilt.

Sri Ganesh Gol:

• This hybrid has been developed by Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Co. Ltd., Jalna and recommended for cultivation in Andhra Pradesh.
• Heads are round, compact, attractive, bluish green and become ready for harvest in 90 to 95 days.
• Average yield is 500 to 750 q/ha.

CHINESE CABBAGE
There are two more or less distinct spp of Chinese cabbage, Pe-tsai (B pekinensis) and Pakchoi (B chinensis). Under Pe-tsai, two varieties exist.

• Chihili (Tall, elongated, cylindrical, types about 4 x18 inches heads): Jade Pagoda, Mounmeny, Michihli and Statue.
• Napa or Wong Bok (Short, blunt, barrel shaped about 5x12 inches, chunky heads): All autumn, China flash and China Pride.

In Pakchoi, the plants produce non heading types. It produces dark rather smooth leaves with fleshy white petioles.
Chinese cabbage can also be broadly classified into four types:

1. Loose leaved variety (var. dissoluta): Terminal bud under developed, forming no leaf bud; rosette leaves oblanceolate, spreading or erect and usually grown in spring and summer in all parts of China.
2. Semi heading variety (var. imfareta): Terminal bud with its outer layer of leaves fairly well developed, forming head with a hollow centre; plants large and tall. Usually grown in autumn.
3. Fluffy topped heading variety (var. laxa): Terminal bud well developed forming rather a solid head with its leaf tips curling upwards and forming a fluffy top; plants small, rosette leaves obovate and spreading. Usually grown in late summer & autumn and
4. Heading variety (var. cephalata): Terminal bud well developed forming a solid head with leaf tips close to over lapping on the top; grown usually either as an early crop for autumn or a late crop for winter.

CULTIVARS
Palampur Green:

• Leaves green, tender, stem creamy and late flowering type.
• Provides 5-6 cuttings, first after 23-30 days and subsequent after 15 days.

Pusa Sag:

• A cross from Wongbok (Suttons) x Turnip.
• Tastes like local sag.

Solan Band Sarson:

• A heading variety, heads long and solid, head weight 700-1100 grams, 6-9 outer leaves.
• Ready in 120 days, leaves light, core light golden in colour.
• Average yield 400q/ha.

Solan Selection:

• Leaves tender, well filled light green petioles.
• Average yield 150-190q/ha.

Other cultivars fall in the following groups.

• Chiffu Group
• Hotoren Group
• Kaga Group
• Aichi Group
• Kenshin Group