Veterinary Gross Anatomy-II

DOG

• The coeliac artery is very short and usually divides into a) left gastric, b) hepatic and c) splenic arteries.
• The lumbar arteries are seven pairs. Out of which first six pairs arise from aorta and the last pair from internal iliac arteries.
• The intercostal arteries are 12 pairs in number. First three pairs usually originate from thoracic vertebral artery and rest 9 pairs originate directly from aorta.
• The middle sacral artery is developed.
• The rete mirable cerebri is absent.
• In case of dog and pig, the left brachial artery arises independently from the aortic arch.
• The right brachial artery, however originates from the brachiocephalic trunk but very closely associated with the beginning of the left and right common carotid arteries.
• In the metacarpus and digital region two dorsal sets(superficial and deep) and two volar sets (superficial and deep) arteries are present.
• The dorsal common digital arteries (superficial set) are I to IV, which arise from cranial superficial antibrachaial artery.
• This vessel is a branch of superficial brachial artery, which is detached from the brachial artery just above elbow joint.
•  The dorsal metacarpal arteries (deep set) are II to IV and are the branch of the radial and caudal interosseous arteries.
• The volar common digital arteries are I to IV (superficial set) and are the branches of median and caudal interosseous arteries0.The volar metacarpal II to IV (deep set) arteries originates from the radial and caudal interosseous arteries.
• The dorsal and volar vessels communicate within themselves at the distal portion of the metacarpus and finally divide into digital arteries.
• The external iliac artery in the hindlimb also two dorsal sets and two plantar sets of vessels are present.
• Dorsal common digital arteries (superficial set) are the branches of the saphenous artery and the dorsal metatarsal arteries (deep set) are the branches of the dorsal pedal artery. The dorsal pedal artery is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery.
• Plantar common digital arteries (superficial set) originate from the medial plantar branch of the caudal division of saphenous artery.
• The plantar metatarsal arteries (deep set) are branches from lateral plantar artery, which is the branch of the posterior division of the saphenous artery.
• The pattern of distribution of these vessels is mostly similar to the forelimb.