Entertoxaemia
AFFECTIONS OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
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- A – Icterus and Haemolytic anaemia
- B – Lamb dysentery
- C – Struck
- D – Pulpy Kidney
- E – Calves and Lambs .
CI. perfringens type ‘A’
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Enterotoxaemia occurs in lamb and calves
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Haemolytic anaemia, Haemoglobinuria and Icterus - acute syndrome
CI. perfringens type ‘B’
Lamb dysentery
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Lamb – Less than 3 weeks
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Also occurs in calves and foals
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Haemorrhagic enteritis with ulceration
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Beta toxin
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Acute – Abdominal pain, depression and reluctance to suckle
- Peracute -death without symptoms
Microscopic lesions : Haemorrhagic enteritis and ulceration.
CI. Perfringens type 'C' Enterotoxaemia
‘Struck’
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Adult Sheep – Haemorrhagic enteritis and ulceration of Jejunum and duodenum
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Peritionitis with large volume of clear yellow fluid accumulation
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Another form -CI. Perfringens type 'C' – Haemorrhagic enterotoxaemia
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Affects lambs, calves and piglets within a few days of birth and fatal
Clostridium perfringens type D ‘ Enterotoxaemia’
Synonym: “Puply Kidney disease”, “Over eating disease”
Definition
Incidence
Susceptibility
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It is an important disease of goats, sheep (fattening lambs) and less commonly in adult sheep
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Enterotoxaemia has also been reported in calves
Pathogenesis and clinical signs
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Organism is a normal inhabitant of alimentary tract and the toxin produced are removed by normal movement of ingesta
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When excessive starch food is fed, the bacteria proliferate and liberate toxin.Hence the name “Over eating disease”
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Atony of intestine & Stasis of ingests also favours growth of organisms
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The epsilon toxin produced will be abosrbed immediately by intestinal mucosa resulting in toxaemia
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Smaller quantities of alpha and theta fractions
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Toxins reaches the brain causing opisthotonus, convulsion and coma.
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Toxaemia (Few hours - clonic convulsions)
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Hyperglycaemia and glycosuria are also observed
Gross lesions
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Petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhages of epicardium, endocardium, serous surface of intestine, abdominal muscles, diaphragm and hydropericardium
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Catarrhal or haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
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Kidneys – swollen and pulpy – “Puply Kidney disease”
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Reaching the brain causing symmetrical encephalomalacia
Microscopic lesions
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Kidney: Cloudy swelling and necrosis of epithelium of proximal convuluted tubules
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Liver and spleen- Congested
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Brain: Lysis and liquefaction of the white matter, while the grey matter is oedematous.
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Hyperglycaemia due to increased glycogenolysis of liver glycogen
Diagnosis
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Last modified: Wednesday, 21 March 2012, 7:40 AM