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Synonym: Stockyards disease , Pasteurellosis
- Pasteurella are small, ovoid Gram positive rods and the ends are deeply stained than central portion which gives them a Bipolar appearance
- Pasteurella boviseptica – H. S incattle
- P. avi septica – Fowl cholera
- P. sui septica – Swine plague
- P. ovi septica – H. S in sheep.
- P. lepi septica – Snuffles and Septicaemia rabbits
- P. Pestis - Bubonic Plague – Man (Natural host – rat)
- P. pseudo tuberculosis – Guinea pigs, rodents and goats.
- P. haemolytica ( Mannheimia haemolytica)– Arthritis – Calves, mastitis – Cows & Sheep.
- These organisms cannot be differentiated from each other and various types are adapted to different hosts
- All the types are classified under “Pasteurella multocida"
- P. multocida and P. haemolytica (Mannheimia haemolytica) -Cattle and buffaloes.
HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA
Synonym: Septicaemic pasteurellosis, barbone
Definition
- Acute, less frequently subacute febrile disease of cattle and buffalo characterized by sudden onset, high temperature, oedematous swelling of the subcutaneous tissue particularly of the throat and brisket region, and acute gastroenteritis caused by Pasteurella boviseptica
Aetiology
Incidence
- It is one of the important bacterial diseases of cattle and buffaloes in India
- Sheep and goat – Rarely affected
- Swine and Fowls – May be affected
Transmission
- Ingestion of contaminated feed, water etc.
- The organism is found in the saliva of affected animals
- Droplet infection may occur
Pathogenesis
- Organisms on entry into the system reaches blood, proliferate and spread throughout the body due to its septicaemic nature and produces petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhjages on serous and mucous menbranes in different organs. Hence it is called as - “ HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA ”
Clinical signs
- High temperature, dullness, dyspnoea, hot painful swelling – head, dewlap and neck with Inflammatory exudate in the subcutaneous tissues.
Gross lesions
- Petechiae on all serous and mucous membranes especially on epicardium, myocardium, pleura, peritoneum and Gastrointestinal tract.
- Lymph glands- Swollen and haemorrhagic
- G.I tract is severely inflammed with contents mixed with blood
Microscopic lesions
- In acute and subacute cases, the predominant lesion is fibrinous bronchopneumonia
- The organism is small ovoid rods the ends of rods are more deeply stained than central portion which gives them a bipolar appearance.
- In rabbits – Haemorrhagic tracheitis.
Diagnosis
- Examination of blood smear
- A heart blood swab may be rubbed over the scarified abdomen of a rabbit. It will die within 24 to 40 hours showing haemorrhgaes, especially haemorrhagic tracheitis is pathognomonic lesion
Fowl cholera
- Aetiology: P. multocida (avi septica)
- Definition : Acute, chronic, generalized or local infectious disease of fowl and other species of birds characterized by sudden onset, enteritis, sub mucous, subserous petechial haemorrhages, enlargement of liver and spleen.
Transmission
- Transmitted by Inhalation or Ingestion
Shipping Fever
- Calves and young animals
- Transportation to great distance by rail, truck and ship
- Heavy losses are observed.
Aetiology
- Stress, viral and bacterial infections
- Heat, cold, Fatigue, trauma, insufficient feed and water, anxiety
- Virus : Myxovirus parainfluenza -3
- Infectious bovine Rhino tracheitis, entero virus, bovine adeno virus
- Bacteria: P. multocida, Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Haemophilus sp.
Clinical signs
- Depressed, stand aloof, anorexia, dry nose, increased respiratory rate
Lesions
- Oedema and haemorrhages – Upper nasal passage, larynx, trachea, regional lymph nodes
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