Veterinary Preventive Medicine-II

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• The incubation period is up to 3 days in sheep and goats and in newborn animals, it can be as short as 12 hours
• Infection is most severe in young animals, and is characterized by a high fever, anorexia, weakness, and rapid death.
• Some affected animals may have nasal discharge and hemorrhagic diarrhea
• Hepatic necrosis is the primary lesion, and is especially extensive in younger animals and fetuses
• Adult animals are less severely affected. Abortion is the most prominent sign in pregnant animals (up to 100%).
• In adult animals, hepatic necrosis can be more focal and may only be visible microscopically
• Mortality rate may exceed 70% in young animals but is considerably less in adults
• Humans may become infected by mosquitoes and through contact with diseased tissues.
• Infections are "flu-like", and can infrequently be severe and fatal
• Cattle are less severely affected than sheep

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