Veterinary Epidemiology and Zoonosis

CLASSIFICATION OF ZOONOSES BASED ON ETIOLOGY

Viral zoonoses

• Transmission of viral diseases from animals to human beings.
• Examples: Rabies, Milker’s nodules, Ranikhet disease viral conjunctivitis, etc.

Bacterial zoonoses

• Transmission of bacterial diseases from animals to human beings.
• Examples: Anthrax, Tuberculosis, Brucellosis

Parasitic zoonoses

• Transmission of parasitic diseases from animals to human beings.
• Examples: Trichinellosis, Visceral larval migrans, Cutaneous larval migrans, Hydatidosis

Mycotic/Fungal zoonoses

• Transmission of fungal diseases from animals to human beings.
• Examples: Tinea/ringworm infection, Aspergillosis

Rickettsial zoonoses

• Transmission of rickettsial diseases from animals to human beings.
• Example: Q-Fever, Epidemic typhus, Scrub typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever 

Protozoan zoonoses

• Transmission of protozoal diseases from animals to human beings.
• Examples: Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis

Table: Classes of important zoonotic diseases

S.No	Disease	Based on reservoir			Based on mechanism
		AZ	ZAZ	AmZ	D	C	M	S
1	Anthrax	+	-	-	+	-	-	+
2	Tetanus	+	-	-	-	-	-	+
3	Staphylococcosis	+	+	+	+	-	-	+
4	Streptococcosis	+	+	+	+	-	-	+
5	Erysipeloids	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
6	Listeriosis	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
7	Mycobacterium avium	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
8	M.bovis, M.tuberculosis	+	+	-	+	-	-	-
9	Brucellosis	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
10	Colibacillosis	+	+	+	+	-	-	-
11	Pasteurellosis	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
12	Glanders	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
13	Salmonellosis	+	+	+	+	-	-	+
14	Tularemia	+	-	-	+	+	+	-
15	Yersiniosis	+	-	-	+	-	+	-
16	Ps. pseudomallei	+	-	-	+	-	+	+
17	Leptospirosis	+	-	-	+	-	-	+
18	Psittacosis	-	+	-	+	-	-	+
19	Q-Fever	-	+	-	+	-	-	-
20	Rocky mountain spotted fever	-	+	-	-	-	+	-

Note                                                                       

• AZ      - Anthropozoonosis  
• ZAZ    - Zooanthroponosis     
• AmZ  - Amphixenosis  
• D         - Direct zoonosis   
• C         - Cyclozoonosis
• M        - Metazoonosis 
• S         - Saprozoonosis