Veterinary Epidemiology and Zoonosis

CONTROL OF  ZOONOTIC DISEASES IN ANIMAL RESERVOIRS

• Early diagnosis, isolation and treatment of affected animals
• Monitoring and reporting of animal diseases of zoonotic importance
• Control of animal movement to minimize the spread of infection 
• Reduction of susceptible animal population by prevention (immunoprophylaxis, chemoprophylaxis, genetic resistance, niche filling) and control (environmental hygiene, hygienic animal husbandry practices, restricted animal movement, minimal disease method)
  • Mass immunization to increase the immune population, that means "animal reservoirs/susceptible animal population/immune animal population". Examples: Rabies, FMD.
  • Mass chemotherapy to prevent developmnt of clinical infection even if there is exposure to infectious pathogens. Examples: Doxycycline for leptospirosis, diethyl carbomicin for filariosis.
  • Genetic resistance: Natural resistance against diseases. Example: Algerian sheep are genetically against anthrax.
  • Niche filling: Competitive exclusion theory. Example: Salmonellosis in poultry.
  • Environmental hygiene and hygienic animal husbandry practices. Example: Control of colibacillosis and milk-borne streptococcosis and staphylococcosis by clean milk production.
  • Controlling the spread of disease-producing agents by restricted movement of animals. Examples: FMD, brucellosis.
• Notification and reporting disease and outbreaks in animal population.
• Quarantine of all imported animals and products of animal origin.
• Disinfection and sanitation
• Public health awareness/health education