Classification of Organic Residues

Classification of Organic Residues (Sources of Organic Residues)
    1. Livestock and human wastes: Human excreta, livestock dung and urine, byproduct of slaughter houses and animal carcases, blood, bones, horns, hooves, leather, hair, bonemeal, horn and hoof meal.
    2. Crop residues, tree wastes and aequatic weeds.
    3. Green manures.
    4. Urban and rural wastes. E.g. rural and urban solid wastes, sewage and sullage.
    5. Agro-industrial byproducts: E.g. Oil cakes, paddy husk and bran, bagasse and pressmud, saw dust, fruit and vegetable wastes, tea and tobacco wastes, etc.
    6. Marine wastes. E.g. Fish mean and sea weeds.
    7. Tank silts.
  • 80 to 90% of inorganic nutrients ingested by animals in their feed is excreted in faeces and urine.
  • The nutrients in the animal manure depends on the age and type of animal, nature of work, the feed fed to the cattle, the bedding material used, etc.
  • The proportion of organic matter excreted is equivalent to about 40 per cent of organic matter intake.
  • Urine is normally low in phosphorus and high in potassium, whereas equal parts of nitrogen is excreted in the faeces and urine of cattle.
      1. Sheep and goat manure : 3% N, 1 P2O5 and 2% K2O
      2. Poultry manure : 3.03% N, 2.63% P2O5 and 1.4% K2O
      3. Blood meal : 10 to 12 % N, 1 to 2% P2O5 and 1% K2O
      4. Fish manure : 4 to 10% N, 3 to 9% P2O5 and 0.3 to 1.5% K2O
      5. Bone meal : 4% N, 20% P2O5 (raw bone mean), 1 to 2% N, 22 to 24% P2O5 (steamed bone meal)

Human excreta

  • Night soil: 5.5% N, 4% P2O5 and 2% K2O

Crop residue

  • Cereal straw and residues : 0.5% N, 0.6% P2O5 and 1.5% K2O

Availability of crop residues

    • Rice (118.9 mt), wheat (57.5 mt), maize (21.0 mt), millets (40.0 mt), sorghum (41.0 mt) and sugarcane (43.0 mt).
    • Cotton : Stalks, leaves, flowers, roots and bark, stems, press wood, cotton dust.
    • Tobacco : Leaf scrap, stalks
    • Rice milling : Rice bran, rice husk, straw
    • Sugarcane : Trash, bagasse, molasses, pressmud (1-1.5% N, 4-5% P2O5 and 2-7% K2O – pressmud)
    • Cereals : Leaves, stalks, etc.
    • Weeds : Water hyacinth, Ipomoea, lantana, cassia, etc.

Green manure

Urban and rural wastes

  • Sewage

Farm residues

  • Fruit and vegetable wastes
  • Mango (peels and kernel), pineapple (peels, cores, trimmings), citrus fruits (peels, pomace, cull fruits and seeds), guava (peels, pomace and seeds), peach (peels and cores), plum (stone), grape (stalks, pomace, seed, and rottens), banana (peels), tomato (seeds and pomace), potato (peels, rottons from cold storage), mushroom (stalks, cuttings, trimmings)

Plantation industry

  • Coconut (coir dust), arecanut (husk, leaf sheath and leaves), cashewnuts (cashew apple, testa, shell liquid), tea (tea wastes), coffee (husk or pulpy mass), rubber (rubber sticks, leaves, mill wastes).

Oil seed industry

  • Ground nut is important crop followed by rape seed and mustard, sesamum, linseed and castor.
  • Oil seeds
    1. Edible. E.g. Groundnut, safflower, sesamum, cotton, coconut,
    2. Non-edible: E.g. pongamia, mahua and neem cake.
    3. Non-edible cakes are used as manures especially for horticultural crops. Nutrients present in cakes are made available to crops 7 to 10 days after application.
      Sugar milling industry
  • Bagasse: 33% is bagasse. Apart, it is used in producing pulp, paper board, etc., a portion of bagasse could be utilised as both for fuel and manure if it is processed through biogas plants. 0.25% N, 0.12% P2O5, after composting: 1.4% N, 0.4% P2O5.
  • Pressmud: 1.25% N, 2% P2O5 and 20-25% organic matter. After composting: 1.4% N and 1.0-1.5% P2O5. It is very high in lime (45%). It is good to apply in acidic soil.
  • Sawdust: It is wide in C/N ratio (400 : 1). It absorbs 2-4 times more moisture than straw / cereal residues. It can be used as a good absorbatn for soaking urine in cattlesheds and bedding materials for cattle. Can be used as mulching material.

Fishery and marine industry

  • Sea food and canning industry is an important industry.
  • Prawn shell and head fish and frog legs are the main byproducts of this industry (4 to 10% N, 3 to 9% P2O5 and 0.3 to 0.5% K2O).
  • Marine algae and sea weeds: 1 to 2% P2O5 and 2 to 7% K2O and a number of trace elements.

Tank silts

  • It consists of a large proportion of finer soil particles of silt and clay and organic matter carried by run-off water from the surrounding soil to the tanks during heavy rains.
  • It contains 0.3% N, 0.3% P2O5 and p.3% K2O. It is an active culture of microorganisms, especially the N-fixers.
Last modified: Tuesday, 8 November 2011, 9:52 AM