Veterinary Clinical Medicine-I (General and Systemic)

EXAMINATION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-I

• Respiratory system signs are induced by infectious as well as non-infectious causes; therefore its examination is of particular clinical importance.

Principle manifestations of respiratory insufficiency

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• Hyperpnoea, dyspnoea
• Cyanosis
• Cough
• Nasal discharge 

The main methods of examination of respiratory system are inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.

• Inspection: Determines the respiratory movement, rhythm, quality and type of respiration. Symmetry and form of thorax are also determined by inspection.
• Palpation: Sensitivity of the larynx, trachea and thorax are determined by palpation.
• Percussion: Used to determine the physical condition of the lungs and pleura.
• Auscultation: For detection of the condition of mucosa, lumen of trachea and bronchi changes of alveoli, pleura and the presence or absence of exudate.