Drug therapy in respiratory diseases
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DRUG THERAPHY IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES
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Drug Therapy in Respiratory Diseases
- Purpose: To maintain Normal Ventilation, Reflexes and Secretion
- Pre-requist: An accurate diagnosis
- Choice: Perform Surgery -DH.
- - Medicate if, Bacterial Pneumonia.
- - Do nothing, if viral infections.
Medical Treatment
Must Consider
- What is medically possible
- Benefits of Treatment
- Potential risk to the patient
- Pathophysiology of Respiratory Tract Inflammations
Mucokinetic Therapy
- Mucokineses achieved by:
- Thinning Viscous Secretions
- Improving ciliary activity
- Improving air way mechanics
- Water most valable Agents
- Mist (steam)
- Vapor (aerosols) Mouth
- Caution - Bronchospasm with (a) & (b).
- Agents - water, Saline. 2% Propylene glycol 2 ml
- Acetylcysteine - Breaks mucoprotein mol. 2 to 5 ml, 10% Sol for nebulization
- Sod. Bicarb 2.5% for nebulization natural proteases, Adhesiveness Resp. secretion by osmotic effect
- thanol - Surface tension of Resp. T.
- Eucalyptus, menthol and camphor - ?
Oral Mucokinetic Agents (Expectorants)
Reflex stimulation of vagal efferents to Bronchial gland through gastric mucosa.
- ral W.K. Salt sol. - Ammonium bicarbonate
- Amm. chloride, KI, Sodium bicarbonates NaCL
- Volatile oil
- Phenolic Compounds - Creosol, G. Guaiacolate.
Aerosol Therapy
- uspension of a liquid as fine particles dispersed in a gas. Idea particle size 2-4 u
- A plastic bag tapped to the neck and a nubulizer attached at one cut corner
BRONCHOSPASM THERAPY
- A. Sympathomimetic dilators (long acting)
- B 2 stimulator preferred
- Ephedrine: Mod B 2 , slight B 1 &
- Metaproterenol: B 2 , B 1 &
- Salbutamol: specific B 2
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors - Xanthines
- Preserve AMO. Intercellular messenger eg., Theophylline and aminophylline
- Relax brochial M. Cardiac output
Antitussive Therapy
- Depress cough than totally supress.
- Act peripherally - irritation, block receptors e.g. Benzons
- Act Centrally
- Narcotic antitussives - codeine, hydrocodone
- Non-narcotics - Benzonatate, dextromethorphan
Decongestant Therapy
- When specific etio. lacking
- Antihistamines - chlorpheniramine
- Alpha adrenergic sympathomimetics
- Cause vasoconstriction. Rebound congestion?
- e.g. Phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine
Antimicrobial Therapy
- Esp. large mole AB (Gents - Erythro.) have better blood - bronchial penetration then small mole AB - (Penicilline, Cephalosp)
- Topical Antibiotic - not effective in tracheobronchial tree
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Last modified: Tuesday, 5 June 2012, 12:04 PM