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This is the immediate type of hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylactic shock rarely develops without the interference of man. An exception is the condition that is a result of bees/wasp sting. The main signs are attributed to the effect of activation of complementary system which induce dilatation of smooth muscles which releases histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and bradykinin in dogs, sphanchnic viscera and other major organs are involved.
Signs in Dogs
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Restlessness, diarrhora (reddish), circulatory failure, epileptic form of seizures, coma and death.
Signs in Cats
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Respiratory signs are predominant, pruritis, ptyalism, vomiting, incoordination, broncho constriction, pulmonary haemorrhage, laryngeal odema and death.
Agents Causing Anaphylactic Shock
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Penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, vancomycin, insulin, oxytocin, penicillin, procaine, lidocaine, salicylate, tranquilizers, antihistamines, heparin, stinging insects.
Treatment
- Severe Cases
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Administer 1 in 1000 of Epinephrine – 0.01 ml/kg BW, if indicated repeat after 20-30 minutes.
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Infiltrate subcutaneously at the site of allergant entry, with 1 in 1,00,000 Epinephrine – 0.3 ml/kg b.wt.
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Ensure clear air passage and administer oxygen by face mark or endotracheal tube. Establish an IV line and administer Ringer’s lactate, saline or Dextrose (5%) solution.
- Mild / Moderate Cases
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Administer 0.2 – 0.5 ml of epinephrine subcutaneously and another 0.2 – 0.5 ml subcutaneously elsewhere. Administer another 0.5 ml, if symptoms not subsided.
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Administer an rapidly acting steroid intravenously.
- Hydrocortisone - 100 to 500 mg/kg b.wt
- Prednisdone - 15 to 30 mg q 6 hrs.
- Dexamethasone Phosphate - 4 mg / kg b.wt q 4 hrs.
- Hospitalise and monitor the patient. If recovery occurs within 5-10 minutes, following intensive treatment, then the prognosis is good.
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Participants