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Major pre harvest and post harvest defects
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During crop growth and subsequently after harvest many imperfection and blemishes occur due various means.
Causes of defects in various Horticultural produce are categorised as follows
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Defects
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Damage
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Insect pests
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Holes and mis-shapen
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Microorganisms
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Black scurf, canker, Scab, Blight, Blisters, Sooty blotch, Rotten/decay
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Nutritional deficiency
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Dry circular crevices
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Improper cultural practices
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Green spot(potato)
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Environmental factors
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Russeting, water core, discoloration, staining, dried leaves, hail damage, dull/ pale look, shriveling / wrinkling, sunburn, sun scald, superficial sunscald,
lanky, torn leaves, black/brown calyx, water core, fresh rooting, splitting, cracks, natural growth cracks, water berry, scales on surface
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Birds / animals
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Bird damage
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Delayed harvesting
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Mature/over mature, fibrous, over ripe, seed stem
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Handling
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Black edges, handling damage, packing damage, pressure damage, shatter or loose berry, damage, soft, bruises and broken
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Mechanical means
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Healed dark brown marks, chipped, hole, punctured skin, , cuts, mechanical damage
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Improper washing, cleaning, trimming and pruning
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Long stalk, dirty outer leaves, secondary roots, wrapper/extra covered leaves, unclean
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Physiological disorders
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Bitter pit, puffiness, cracking
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Improper cold storage
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Dried berries, sprouting, hollow heart
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Genetic abnormalities
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Misshape and double
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Participants