There is a large variety of composting and digestion methods and technologies varying in complexity from simple home compost heaps, to industrial-scale enclosed-vessel digestion of mixed domestic waste (see Mechanical biological treatment). Methods of biological decomposition are differentiated as being aerobic or anaerobic methods, though hybrids of the two methods also exist.
Dumping: This is filling up empty pits with refuse or reclaiming low-lying lands. If dumping is done under proper supervision and during dry season it is called “Controlled dumping”.
Sanitary land fill: This is dumping the refuse material in a trench and covering it with 15cm layer of earth.
Compost formations: This method is used mainly where refuse is to be disposed off with night soil and to convert the waste into humus.
Sorting: This method consists of sorting the refuse into soft core which consists of animal and vegetable organic matter which can be used as manure and hardcore which consists of broken bottle, crockery tiles, etc. which can be used for metalling roads.
Incineration:
This is one of the best methods of refuse disposal.
Incineration is a disposal method that involves combustion of waste material.
Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes described as "thermal treatment".
Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam, and ash.
It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste.
Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues such as emission of gaseous pollutants.
Land fill:
Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and this remains a common practice in most countries.
A properly-designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials.
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