The term ‘Organisation’ refers to a mechanism which enables men to live together. In a static sense an organization is a structure manned by group of individuals who are working together towards a common goal. In a dynamic sense organization is a process of welding together a frame work of positions which can be used as a management tool for the most effective pursuit of an enterprise. Organisation is coordinative and unifying, and concerns itself with a well-planned division of the numerous functions and the devolutions of duties and responsibilities to the individual executive and subordinate official supported by a rigid system of supervision and coordinated control, in order to ensure the effective execution of the plans as formulated by those in administrative authority. Some regard it as a network of relationships, a blue-print of how the management will like the various functions and activities to be assigned and connected together. Some others look upon it as a system with inputs (men, materials in cases of business), and processes through which these are converted into outputs (eg. Goods and services, profits etc.)
In short, organizing is the determining, grouping and arranging of the various activities deemed necessary for the attainment of the objectives, the assigning of people to those activities, the providing of suitable physical factors of environment and the indicating of the relative authority delegated to each individual charged with the execution of each respective activity.
Chester I. Barnard, ‘Organisation system of co-operative activities of two or more persons.’
Louis A.Allen. ‘Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.’
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