Balance – It is the visual balance and the “weight” of the shapes needs to be balanced out. It is similar to balancing weights on a scale. The objects on both sides need to be of equal measure. There are two ways to balance a composition: Symmetric and asymmetric. In symmetrical compositions, when you draw a line through the centre, it creates a mirror image on the other side. In asymmetrical compositions, it needs to be balanced with size, color and value in mind.
Gradation – It applies to the incremental changes in the state of an element of design. Gradation of size and direction create a linear perspective. Gradation in color create aerial perspective. As the tone becomes lighter, it becomes cooler and also increases the visual distance. Gradation can also add movement to a shape. Gradation from dark to light will cause the eye to move along the object. Tonal gradation will create an illusion of a 3-D object.
Repetition – It is number of times a shape or a motif is repeated in design. When you observe the cravings of old temples, you will notice that motifs have been invariably been repeated to create a larger, more complex design. You will also notice this in the kantha embroidery of Bengal. It is a simple running stitch that has been repeated with small variations to create intricate embroideries.
Contrast– It is the juxtaposition of opposing elements. Contrast can be of any one of the elements like color : opposite colors on the color wheel( red/green), value: dark and light objects, size: big and small shapes, etc. One must carefully place the object of contrast so as to not create chaos in the composition unless that is the mood one is seeking.
Harmony – Its means that all the elements of a work of art are in coherence and complement one another to create a pleasing visual effect.
Emphasis– It is the focal point of any work of art. Emphasis rids the composition of monotony and chaos. Emphasis can be expressed in any of the elements of design like size, color, value, direction, etc.
Unity – It is the relationship among all the elements a visual composition where all the design elements function together to create a harmonious and satisfying result. They complement one another and no one element is competing for attention.
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