VPP 211: General Veterinary Pathology (1+1)

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMOURS

S. No.	Features	Benign	Malignant
1	Occurrence of nodule or mass	Single	Single or multiple
2	Shape of nodule	Round, elliptical or wart-like and pedunculated	Irregular
3	Encapsulation	Present	Absent
4	Rate of growth	Slow	Rapid
5	Growth	Limited	Unceasing
6	Spontaneous regression	Occurs	Do not occur
7	Invasion	Absent	Present
8	Metastasis	Absent	Present
9	Basement membrane	Intact	Broken
10	Blood vessel formation	Moderate	Numerous
11	Degenerative and necrotic changes	Absent as the blood supply is adequate	Present because of inadequate blood supply
12	Recurrence	Do not recur	Recurs after apparent removal
13	Destruction of adjacent tissues	Little	Extensive
14	Cell structure	Typical to adult tissue	Not typical to that of adult tissue
15	Anaplasia	Absent, resembles cells from which they originate	Present
16	Polarity	Maintained	Lost
17	Cellular pleomorphism	Absent	Present
18	Anisokaryosis	Absent	Present
19	Number of nucleus	Not altered	Multiple (Tumour giant cell)
19	Nucleolus	No change	Enlarged, prominent and multiple
20	Nucleolar to nucleus ratio	Not altered	Increased
21	Cytoplasm to nuclear ratio	Not altered	Decreased
22	Mitosis	A few in number; Typical	Abundant, some are atypical
23	Death	Do not occur except if the tumour involves vital organs like heart, brain	Usually occurs depending on the invasion, metastasis and tissue destruction