LPM 221: Commercial Poultry Production and Hatchery Management (1+1)

TYPES OF VACCINES

• Vaccines may be classified as,
  • Live vaccines
  • Attenuated live vaccines
  • Inactivated (killed) vaccines
  • Genetically engineered vaccines.

Live vaccine

• The organisms in the vaccine are alive and completely capable of producing the disease in birds not infected or previously vaccinated.
• Because the vaccine contains a live agent, the vaccine is also capable of transmitting the disease to any susceptible bird that comes in contact with it.
• However, live vaccine helps to produce a strong immunologic response the already exposed birds.

Attenuated vaccines

• The active organisms used to prepare a vaccine may be weakened (attenuated) by various methods so that when administered to a bird, a mild form of the disease will be produced.

Inactivated (killed) vaccine

• The organisms used to produce these vaccines have been grown in culture in the laboratory and then inactivated by chemical or physical means.
• Inactivated vaccines are not capable of spreading the agent to other birds.
• They do, however, have the capacity to produce immunity when used through vaccination.

Genetically engineered vaccines

• These represent a new type of vaccine that places immune stimulating components (antigens) from one agent onto another agent known as a vector.