VMD 511: Animal Welfare, Ethics and Jurisprudence (2+0)

INDIAN COURTS

Types of courts in India

 Two types

• Civil courts: which deals with the civil matters relating to the individual claims of monetary transactions, property etc.
• Criminal courts: which deals with the crimes against animals etc.

Highest courts

• Highest judicial court at national level – Supreme court
• Highest judicial court at state level – High court

Supreme court

• Highest court in the country.
• Has powers of superintendence over all high courts.
• Law declared by Supreme Court, becomes the law of the country and is binding on all courts and tribunals.
• Has got the authority to hear appeals against the judgments of high courts of the states.

High court

• Highest judicial at state level.
• Got full control over the judicial institutions in the state.
• Got authority of hearing appeals against judgments passed by lower courts.
• Got powers of appointing and transfer of subordinates judges and judicials while the executive magistrates are appointed by State Govt.

Criminal courts

• There are 3 classes of criminal courts in India
  • The High Courts
  • The Courts of Sessions
  • The Courts of Magistrates