VPE 511: Environment and Environmental Hygiene (2+1)

DYE INDUSTRY

• Dyes and intermediates are among the inorganic and organic chemicals which we encounter as technological and functional necessities in nearly every sphere of our daily lives. The environmental problems associated with the manufacture and use of dyes are so complex and varied that only a discerning appraisal can put them into proper perspective.
• An attempt has been made to define and evaluate these problems and to show, with reference to selected examples, what measure have been and are being implemented to overcome them.
• A good deal of creative, interdisciplinary effort and meticulous attention to minor details will be necessary to master existing and future environmental problems in this area. Dyes and intermediates are partly relatively stable in the aquatic environment and cannot efficiently be degraded under wastewater plan conditions.
• Degradation of these substances in sludge, under aerobic conditions proceeds via oxidation of the substituents located on the aromatic ring system or in the side chain. As this reaction only leads to a partial degradation, genetic modification of the enzymatic system of different microorganism may be studied to make the system more active.