VGO 511: Veterinary Andrology and Reproductive Techniques (1+1)

ACUTE OR CHRONIC, LOCALIZED OR SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES

• Common causes of testicular degeneration with moderately to severely reduced fertility in males.

Infections producing orchitis or epididymitis have a direct effect on the testes due to the inflammatory reaction causing heat, edema, congestion, circulatory interference, ischemia and even infarction due to the thick firm tunica albuginea that restricts normal swelling of the testicular parenchyma.

• In bacterial diseases localizing in the testes, abscessation may occur

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• Infectious agents resulting in orchitis are: Brucella abortus, both field strains and strain 19 in bulls, Brucella suis in boars miliary or chronic tubercular infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the testes in bulls and boars, Corynebacterium pyogenes, in bulls and rams, Actinomyces bovis in bulls, Malleomyces mallei in horses; Salmonella abortus equi and “epizootic cellulitis” due to the arteritis and the influenza viruses in horses; Cornynebacterium ovis and Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis in rams; lumpy skin disease in cattle; sheep pox virus in rams, IBR-IPV virus, that markedly affected the spermatocytes and caused arrested spermatogenesis in bulls.
• Brucella canis in dogs caused scrotal swelling, epididymitis and unilateral or bilateral testicular degeneration, fibrosis and sterility.
• “EPIVAG” also causes an orchitis with testicular degeneration and atrophy.
• Orchitis in rams from which a P.L.T., agent (chlamydia) was recovered.
• Sporadic infections of the testis with staphylococci, streptococci, E.coli, Proteus and Pseudomonas organisms have been reported as a cause of orchitis in dogs and other male domestic animals.

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