VLD 421: Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnosis-II (0+1)

SPECIAL METHODS OF STAINING

Stains for Connective Tissue

• Mallory’s phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain
• Verhoeff’s elastic stain
• Van Gieson’s stain : collagen – red; other tissues – yellow.

Stains for Cytoplasmic granules

• Luna’s mast cells stain
• Gomori’s chromaffin stain

Stains for Fats and Lipids

• Fat in tissues are dissolved out by xylol and alcohol by the conventional methods. To stain fat, frozen sections are prepared and stained
• Oil red O fat stain
• Sudan black B stain
• Osmium tetraoxide stain

Stains for Carbohydrate and Mucoproteins

• Best’s carmine stain – Glycogen stains bright red
• Mayer’s mucicarmine stain
• Crystal violet and Bennhold’s Congo Red Amyloid stain

Stains for Pigments, Minerals and  Glycogen

• Gomori’s Iron reaction
• Vonkossa’s stain for calcium
• Perl’s stain for Iron containing pigment (haemosiderin) stains blue
• De Galantha’s method for urate crystals
• Svain’s bile pigment stain

Stains for Bacteria and Fungi

• Ziehl – Neelsen’s stain to demonstrate Mycobacteria - Acid fast organisms stain pink
• Brown and Brenn stain for bacteria in tissues
• Periodic acid - schiff stain for fungi
• Gridley’s stain for fungi - Fungal elements appear violet or pink against yellow background

Stains for Inclusions

• Triple’s shorr’s stain
• Parson’s stain for Negri bodies