Principles of Genetics and Breeding

15.1.7.8. International and other health certificates

Requiring international health certificates for specific diseases of concern to the importing country can provide a high level of assurance that consignments are free of the specified diseases. It should be noted that importing countries should not require certification for diseases that are not relevant to their country situation and/or the species of aquatic animal being moved. Other types of health certificates are of limited value and must be individually evaluated based on the reliability of the diagnostic test(s) performed, the sampling regime, etc. Health certificates based on visual inspection for gross signs of pathology and/or general “healthiness” have little value in preventing the international spread of transboundary aquatic animal diseases.