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The number of species under the genus Rosa recorded in different literatures, varies from 120 – 200.
SOME IMPORTANT SPECIES AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS.
1. Rosa X alba (White rose) [R. corymbifera x R. gallica)
2. R. banksiae (Banksian rose;1796)
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A vigorous evergreen climber, grow upto 9 m hight.
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Stems are thorn less with yellow-green foliage.
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Originated in Western China.
3. R. borboniana (R. chinensis x R. damascena semperflorens) Bourbon Rose
4. R. canina (Dog Rose)
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Vigorous and very prickly shrub having stout stem.
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Foliage toothed all round margins.
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Flowers single, white or pink scented, small and in clusters.
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Hips are oval in shape.
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Chiefly used as root stock for budding or grafting.
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Popular in Britain, N-Europe and W-Asia
5. R. centifolia (Cabbage Rose) (1596)
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Is a complex hybrid which contains four species viz., R. gallica, R. phoenicia, R. moschata and R. camria.
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Loose growing shrub.
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Medium in vigour.
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Flowers large, fully double with overlapping petals, deep pink with a slight purplish blue towards centre.
6. R. chinensis {Syn. R. indica (China Rose;1759)}
7. R. clinophyllia Syn. R. involucrate (Wild rose of Bengal)
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An erect or semi-climbing compact shrub with blackish bark.
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Leaves are composed of 5-9 leaflets.
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Flowers are white, appear solitary or in small clusters.
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Fruits roundish, hairy and pale.
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Native of Bengal.
8. R. damascene (Damask Rose)
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R. gallica x R. phoenicia (Summer damask rose );
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R. gallica x R. inoschata or R. canina
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A strong climber with white flowers in clusters.
Autumn Damask – R. bifera came from Rosa gallica
Crossed with R. moschata x R. canina
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Vigorous shrub with exquisite fragrance (Sweet scented)
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Flowers in large clusters, semi-double.
9. R. eglanteria syn. R. rubiginosa (Sweet Brier) (1551)
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Vigorous shrub with dense prickly branches.
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Small leaflets with scented foliage.
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Flowers bear singly or in clusters.
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Hips are bright red and rounded.
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Native to North-Europe including Britain.
10. R. foetida syn. R. lutea, R. eglanteria (Austrian Briar rose)
11. R. gallica syn. R. rubra (French rose) (1542)
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Thorn less but an abundance of small prickles.
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Foliage dark green.
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Flowers single, purplish – crimson, in small clusters.
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Hips sub-globose dark red.
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Native to Central and Southern Europe.
12. R. giganteana syn. odorata var. gigantean (Manipur Tea Rose)
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Very vigorous climber with thick, hooked prickles on the glabrous stem.
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Foliage dark glassy green, partially evergreen.
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Flowers large (7.5 – 12.5 cm across), white or pale yellow.
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Fragrant, borne singly.
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Common in Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim
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Native to Western China.
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An important ancestor of the Tea, Hybrid Tea and Noisette roses.
13. R. moschata (Musk rose)
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A vigorous climber with reddish, sparsely prickly stem and evergreen.
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Foliage very fine and flossy, bright green.
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Flowers white, usually semi-double but sometimes single with musk fragrance.
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Hips ovate, orange – red or dark brown.
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Native to Middle East Himalayas.
14. R. multiflora
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A deciduous shrub with vigorous climbing branches.
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Foliage with upto 9 leaflet.
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Flowers single, white with golden yellow stamens.
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Born in clusters, scented.
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Hips are small, red, oval.
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Originated in North China, Korea & Japan.
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Introduced to India in 1872.
15. R. wichuraiana (Memorial rose)
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A vigorous rambler, producing single flowers – white with yellow centre.
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Scented, produce in large clusters.
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Hips small, ovoid, dark red.
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Originated in Japan, East China, Korea & Taiwan.
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Introduced to India in 1891.
16. R. persica syn. berberifolia (Rose of Persia)
17. R. rugosa (Ramanas rose, Rugosa rose)
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A vigorous erect shrub distinguished by strong, sturdy growth and bright apple-green foliage on very prickly stems.
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Flowers in small clusters, single, large, purplish rose to violet – carmine.
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Slightly scented, variable in colour
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Hips large, rounded, orange-scarlet and very decorative.
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Originated in China, Japan & Korea.
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Used as root stock also.
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