Nutrition for Special Groups

Nutrition for Special Groups 3(3+0)

Lesson 48 : Hiv Aids

Energy

Asymptomatic patients show up to 11% increase in resting energy expenditure. Patients who are hypermetabolic show an increase of 25% in REE. Those patients with acute systemic illness show an increase of about 20-60%

Energy requirement of adults and adolescents with HIV increases by 10% over and above the intake recommended for similar healthy non-HIV individuals during the asymptomatic phase and by 20-30% during the symptomatic phase. Children, during the symptomatic phase with weight loss require 50-100% of energy over and above normal requirements.

Additional energy needed because of:

• Energy used for HIV infection and OI
  
• Nutrient mal-absorption
  
• Altered metabolism

TABLE: Adults, Adolescents and children, adjustment for HIV status

	HIV Positive phase	Energy
Adults and Adolescent	Asymptomatic	10 % increase
	Symptomatic	20-30 % increase
Children	Asymptomatic	10 % increase
	Symptomatic with no wt. loss	20-30 % increase
	Symptomatic with wt. loss	50-100 % increase

Ref: WHO “Nutrient requirements for PLHIV/AIDS” Jeneva; WHO, 2003
Energy Requirement for HIV-infected pregnant, lactation woman and adolescent

Pregnancy

HIV Positive phase	Energy
Asymptomatic	10 % increase*
Symptomatic	20-30 % increase*

% increase from daily energy intake during pregnancy