Epidemiology of ketosis
- Ketosis is of two types - Primary (Estate acetonemia) and secondary
- Primary (estate acetonemia)
- Ketosis of heavily fed high producing cows
- Inheritance may be there
- Tendency to reoccur in individual animals is probably due to variation in digestive capacity or metabolic efficiency
- Excessive feeding of ensilage
- Inadequate exercise
- Over fatness at calving time
- Inadequate energy intake during early lactation
- Specific dietary deficiency of cobalt (essential for metabolising propionic acid), phosphorous and vitamin B12
- Secondary ketosis is caused by
- Reduction in appetite
- Abomasal displacement
- Traumatic reticulitis
- Metritis
- Mastitis
- Fluorosis
- Occur in animals mainly housed during winter and occasionally in animals at pasture
- Death of animal is rare
- Morbidity variable and difficult to measure
- Economic losses due to individual ketosis
- Prevalence of sub clinical ketosis - 10 % in under nourished cows
- Ketosis of pregnant ewes is highly fatal and may occur as outbreak
- Ketosis in cows is mostly sporadic
- Regardless of specific etiology bovine ketosis is
- Most common during 1st month of lactation
- Less common during 2nd month of lactation
- Occasionally during late pregnancy
- Higher frequency in 20 - 30 days of calving
- Low prevalence at 1st calving
- Peak prevalence at 4th calving
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Last modified: Friday, 20 January 2012, 5:25 AM
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