Veterinary Preventive Medicine-II

SYNONYMS AND INTRODUCTION

Synonyms : Viral bovine rhinotracheitis, Red nose, Necrotic rhinitis

Introduction

• It is an acute highly contagious viral disease of cattle characterized by high temperature, rhinitis, dyspnoea, abortion, meningoencephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis and pustular vulvovaginitis.
• Dairy and beef cattle are equally susceptible. Besides cattle, the disease also reported in goat, swine and water buffaloes. The disease is widely prevalent in all parts of the world.
• In India the disease has been recorded from various states including Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
• The disease is caused by a DNA virus called bovine herpes virus-1 belonging to the family herpes viridae, subfamily Alpha herpes virinae and genus Varicello virus.
• Cattle of all ages are affected.
• Dairy and beef cattle are equally susceptible.
• Besides cattle the disease also reported in goat, swine and water buffaloes and in wild ruminants.
• The virus is transmitted through infected feed and water.
• The virus can spread through ocular, nasal and reproductive secretion and excretion of infected cattle.
• Droplet infection is the important way of transmission.