Veterinary Physiology-III

SIGNS OF ESTRUS

Species	Signs
Cow	Bellowing, mounting, Cervical mucus discharge, Frequent urination, Swollen vulva, Reduced milk yield and Reduced feed intake.
Mare	Frequent urination, Exposure of clitoris (winking of clitoris).
Doe	Edema and hyperemia of vulva, Frequent and rapid tail wagging.
Sow	Watery vulval discharge, Standing quietly while pressing loin (lordosis).
Bitch	During proestrus, bleeding from vulva and vulva swelling; during estrus-dimishing of vulval swelling, Less turgid vagina.
Queen	Characteristic call and Roll over on its back.

• Buffaloes : estrus signs less pronounced than cattle –frequent urination, teat swelling, reduction in milk yield, bellowing- many buffaloes come to heat during night and this makes heat detection difficult in these animals