Veterinary Andrology and Reproductive Techniques

PARAPHIMOSIS

The inability to withdraw the penis into the prepuce called as paraphimosis

• It results in edema, swelling and balanoposthitis.
• It may occur following erection of the penis through a stenotic preputial ring or orifice caused by a congenital or acquired stricture or by tumors.

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• Paralysis of the penis and paraphimosis may be due to spinal diseases or trauma.

Paralysis of the penis is seen in bulls with rabies and in horses in the late stages of dourine.

• It is possible that the posterior paresis reported in a few cases of rhinopneumonitis, due to equine herpes virus I, might be cause of occasional unexplained cases of penile paralysis in stallions.
• Paraphimosis secondary to edema and swelling that occurs postoperatively may follow castration of stallions.
• Resection of the retractor penis muscle in bulls with pendulant sheaths may cause paraphimosis. It is not observed in the dairy breeds with a sheath that is closely attached to the abdominal wall.
• The prognosis in paraphimosis in males is guarded and depends upon the promptness of treatment and the degree of trauma or necrosis present. Support of the prolapsed penis and sheath is essential to minimize gravitational edema.
• Cases of paraphimosis in horses following castration and the use of tranquilizers should have the penis supported or held within sheath within an hour or two of its occurrence to prevent a chronic prolapse of the organ often necessitating amputation.
• Cold packs and pressure may reduce the swollen penis and allow easy replacement.
• In many cases in dogs and occasionally in bulls, enlargement of the preputial opening is necessary in order to replace the penis and prevent a recurrence of the condition.
• For necrosis of the penis secondary to acute paraphimosis and for chronic paralysis and prolapse of the penis in dogs, amputation is recommended.
• In bulls, the cleaning of the penis, the removal of necrotic tissue and the liberal application of ointment. Gauze should be wrapped around the penis to protect it. The penis with its gauze dressing should be placed inside the sheath as soon as possible.
• Petroleum jelly should be packed into the sheath to prevent adhesions. Frequent withdrawal of the penis and applications of ointment are indicated.

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