Veterinary Andrology and Reproductive Techniques

INTRODUCTION

• Artificial Insemination and Embryo transfer as a means of livestock improvement are now accepted and utilized worldwide. The increased use of outstanding proven sires to enhance production potentials, control genital diseases transmitted through natural service which aid in animal improvement results from the expanding use of Artificial Insemination and other bio – techniques.

To breed livestock, Artificial Insemination has been accepted as an established method in all countries.

Terminology

• The term “Artificial Insemination,” commonly called “AI” implies the deposition of semen into the female reproductive tract by the use of Artificial means (instruments) rather than by natural service involving the male.
• Although, in American livestock circles, the term “artificial breeding” is often used to mean the same as Artificial Insemination, the former is not technically correct. Thus, Artificial Insemination or AI is preferred.
• Artificial Insemination means the deposition of the semen from a male into the female genitalia during oestrus by mechanical means rather than by the direct service of the respective male.
• In natural mating, the male ejaculates semen directly into the vagina or near the os uteri of the female. With the technique of Artificial Insemination semen is collected into an artificial vagina exteriorly. It is evaluated for its qualities and is extended and preserved with suitable media prior to use. The processed semen is inseminated into the reproductive tract of receptive females.

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