COMMUNITY NUTRITION 3 (1+2)

Lesson 11 : Iodine Deficiency Disorders

Effects of IDD

IDD covers a myriad of consequences of iodine deficiency at all stages of human growth and development from foetus, neonate, childhood, adolescence and adult hood.

Foetus	Abortions Stillbirths Congenital anomalies Increased perinatal mortality Neurological cretinism Myxodematous cretinism Psychomotor defects
Neonate	Neonatal goiter Neonatal chemical hypothyroidism
Children and Adolescents	Goiter Juvenile hypothyroidism Retarded physical development
Adults	Goiter with complications.

Goitre:

• Goitre is defined as non-neoplastic (tumor), non-inflammatory and non -toxic enlargement of thyroid gland.
• The enlargement is apparently a compensatory adaption to lack of iodine required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
• The direct stimulus of the enlargement is an abnormality high level of TSH, it self brought about by low plasma levels of the thyroid hormones. The examine TSH causes an increase in both the number and size of the user of the thyroid gland.
• Simple goiter is a painless condition but if uncorrected it can lead to pressure on the trachea, which may cause difficulty in breathing. Administration of appropriate doses of iodine results in a slow reduction in the size of the thyroid gland.
• The prevalence of goiter is generally more among adolescents, Young adults and school age children. More females are affected than males.