Several tests are used in the diagnosis of diabetes.
Glycosuria
By glucose dip-sticks method(Diastix)
Benedict's test
Table : Interpretation of Benedict’s test
Colour
Approximate Sugar in
Report
Urine g%
Blood mg%
Green discolouration
0 to trace
-
< 200
Green precipitate
+
0.25
200 – 250
Greenish-yellow
++
0.5
250 – 300
Precipitate
Yellowish-orange
+++
1.0
300 – 350
Precipitate
Brick red precipitate
++++
>2.0
>350
Ketonuria: High amounts traced by nitro prusside reaction or by ace test tab or ketostix paper sticks.
Random blood sugar: If the fasting plasma glucose is greater than 140 mg/ dl or the random plasma glucose is greater than 200 mg/dl indicates diabetes.
Glucose tolerance test
75 g of glucose dissolved in 250-300 ml of water is given.
After 2 hours of administration of glucose, blood and urine specimens are collected every 30 minutes.
National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) in United States and the WHO expert committee on diabetes mellitus set down the criteria given in Table
Table : Blood glucose levels
Fasting
2 hrs after 75g. glucose (oral)
Plasma mg%
Whole blood mg%
Plasma mg%
Whole blood mg%
Normal Impaired glucose tolerance Diabetes mellitus
<100
100-140
>140
<80
80-120
>120
<140
140-200
>200
<120
120-180
>180
WHO Technical Report Series No.727, 1985.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Renal threshold of diabetic patient is more than 180mg of glucose/dl.
Participants